الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF THE BREASTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The incidence of nipple-areola complex (NAC) involvement in stage I - II a
breast cancer patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy is associated with
risk factors . Location of tumor, TNM stage, the distance from the tumor site to the
edge of areola, abnormal nipple, over-expression of HER-2 and metastases in axillary
lymph nodes are the primary influential factors of NAC involvement, which provide a
theoretical basis for skin-sparing mastectomy preserving NAC and breast
reconstruction in early stage breast cancer patients.
The aim of this study was to evaluate these predictive factors for the nippleareola
complex (NAC) involvement, and to define a subgroup of patients who may
benefit from skin-sparing mastectomy with the NAC preservation in breast cancer
patients.
This study was carried on fifty breast cancer patients, who underwent MRM
operation at Menofiya University Hospitals in the period between 8-2010 to 8-
2011.All patients were diagnosed as breast cancer, and operated upon by MRM with
histopathological examination of the specimens,then an analysis to detect involvement
of NAC in these patients.
Age of patients was in range (25 – 59) years with mean 41.3 (±6.6) years. The
size of excised breast mass was ranging from 1 cm to 4.5 cm with a mean of 2.5 cm.
Pathological examination of all specimen revealed that most of cases are HER 2/neu
negative (41 patients). Pathological examination of axillary lymph nodes revealed
involvement in 37 cases.