الفهرس 
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Abstract
The thalassemias are inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis. Thalassemias are among the most common genetic disorders in humans; they are encountered among all ethnic groups and in almost every country around the world. Their clinical severity widely varies, ranging from asymptomatic forms to severe or even fatal entities β thalassemia is a significant health problem in Egypt. It is the most common chronic hemolytic anemia in Egypt (85.1%). In 1999, the carrier rate in Egypt reached 9-10.2%, and over 1000 of the annual 1.5 million newborns are expected to be affected with this disorder. The incidence of β-thalassemia is particularly high in Egypt due to the combined effects of high carrier rates and consanguineous marriage. Increased deposition of iron had been found in renal parenchyma of thalassemic patients, but few systematic studies of the effect of the deposits on renal functions have been available. The mechanism leading to the damage is not known but it might be related to increased oxidative stress secondary to tissue deposition of iron. In spite of the significance of the problem, studies of renal involvement in thalassemia syndromes in Egypt have been varied and few with no systematic study of the effect of the deposits on renal functions have been available. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of renal dysfunction among beta thalassemia major patients in Ismailia and to determine the risk factors that may lead to it. This study was performed on 25 thalassemic children attending outpatient hematological pediatric clinic of Suez Canal University Hospital during the period from 1/12/2010 to 1/2/2011. It was a descriptive cross sectional study. All studied patients were subjected to history-taking and the following investigations were done to all of them: hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, serum creatinine, serum Na, serum K, urine analysis and urine level of β2 micro-globulin. The data was collected, revised and summarized then results were tabulated and the final conclusion was : The prevalence of increased level of urine level of β2 micro-globulin among beta thalassemia major patients was 80% of the studied patients •There is a statistically significant relationship between urinary β-2-Microglobulin level and age. There is an inverse relationship between urinary β-2-Microglobulin level and combined use of chelation therapy. There is an inverse relationship between hemoglobin level and urinary β-2-Microglobulin. There is a statistically significant relationship between urinary β-2-Microglobulin level and serum ferritin level. There is no significant abnormality in routine kidney functions including serum creatinine, serum sodium, serum potassium levels and routine urine analysis among studied thalassemic children The prevalence of increased level of serum ferritin level among beta thalassemia major patients was 60% of the studied patients There is a statistically significant relationship There is an inverse relationship between serum ferritin level and use of Desferal There is a statistically significant relationship between serum ferritin level and frequency of blood transfusion There is a statistically significant relationship between serum ferritin and splenectomy where serum ferritin level became much lower after splenectomy.