الفهرس 
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Abstract
Remediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil, Groundwater & its Effect on Public Health and City Development
ABSTRACT
At present, environmental pollution caused by heavy metals worldwide is a problem of major concern; lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants found in soils as a result of agricultural activities, urban activities and industrial activities such as mining and smelting. It is toxic for both humans and animals.
This study aim to remediate soil contaminated with lead heavy metals using sixteen lab scale vertical sand columns artificially contaminated with 5000 ppm lead. The technique used was washing technology using eight remediation washing solution with different concentration (water, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride and EDTA).
The contamination concentration distribution through the soil was monitored using the change in soil electrical resistance. Removal of contamination tends to be dependent on washing solution type and concentration of the washing solution for the same soil type.
EDTA shows the best remediation solution for lead contamination while calcium chloride and water show the least effect of contamination transportation.
Bioscreen numerical analysis software is used to predict the movement of the contamination and concentration through the sand column and its validation has been checked using the experimental laboratory results. Parametric study is conducted to examine the effect of the three dimension analysis, sand density and washing time on the predicted results.
The effect of high concentrated remediation solution on a mixture of cement with bentonite to work as underground horizontal barrier preventing ground water contamination has been examined. All remediation solutions show high efficiency impact except for citric and acetic acids.
Key words
Heavy metals, soil remediation, contaminated ground water, public health, soil remediation solutions, soil wash, soil electric resistance.