الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aims mainly to provide a new bivalent oil adjuvant based vaccine against FMD using local FMD isolates types ”O” and ”A” to be used as Emergency vaccine during outbreaks. Such work includes the evaluation of the aimed vaccine to test its potency through the challenge of vaccinated animals on different periods post vaccination (4, 7, 11, 16 days post vaccination).
The obtained results showed that:
1- Assay of FMD virus including virus titration for detection of virus antigenicity revealed that FMD virus used in vaccine preparation had high infectivity (109 TCID50/ml) and antigenicity (1/64) titers for both viruses. In addition estimation of the viral protein in the inactivated virus suspension indicated that the total protein of type ”O” was (5.6) µg /ml and that of type ”A” was (5.4)µg /ml.
2- The prepared vaccine formulae were found to be free from any bacterial; fungal and mycoplasma contaminants.
3-The inactivated FMD virus was safe in vitro on BHK21 clone 13 cell line inducing on CPE and the whole prepared vaccine was also safe in vivo in susceptible cattle inducing no local or general symptoms or lesions developed in cattle and there were no changes in their body temperature.
4- Serum samples obtained from all vaccinated cattle and subjected to SNT and ELISA revealed that animals vaccinated with FMD gel adjuvanted exhibited specific FMD antibodies by the 1st week post vaccination with mean titers of (0.9) and (1.0) for SNT and ELISA respectively for type ”O” antibodies with mean peak titers of (1.9) for SNT and (2.1) for ELISA by the 6th week post vaccination. It was noticed that these titers begin to decrease by the 8th week to reach their lowest levels (0.2) and (0.5) for SNT and ELISA respectively by the 42nd week post vaccination.
5- The oil inactivated FMD vaccine induced specific FMD type ”O” antibodies by the 1st week post vaccination with mean SNT titers of (0.9) and ELISA titers of (1.1). These titers reached their peaks (2.7) SNT and (2.9) ELISA by the 12th week post vaccination then began to decrease by 14th week. The lowest SNT titers (0.9) and ELISA titer (1.2) were recorded by the 44th week post vaccination.
6- SNT and ELISA revealed that animals vaccinated with FMD bivalent gel adjuvanted vaccine exhibited specific FMD type ”A” antibodies by the 1st week post vaccination with mean titers of (0.9) and (1.1) for SNT and ELISA, respectively with mean peak titers of (2.1) for SNT and (2.4) for ELISA by the 6th week post vaccination. It was noticed that these titers began to decrease by the 8th week to reach their lowest levels (0.4) and (0.52) for SNT and ELISA respectively by the 44th week post vaccination.
7- Oil inactivated bivalent FMD vaccine induced specific FMD type ”A” antibodies by the 1st week post vaccination with mean SNT titers of (1.1) and ELISA titers of (1.0). These titers reached their peaks (2.4) SNT and (2.6) ELISA by the 8th week post vaccination then began to decrease by 10th week. The lowest SNT titers (0.3) and ELISA titer (0.8) were recorded by the 44th week post vaccination.
8- Challenged vaccinated animals had antibody titers of (1.6) and (1.9) by SNT and ELISA respectively on the time of challenge at the 16th day post vaccination. After challenge these titer were found to be decreased then began to increase by the 28th day to reach their peaks (2.2) by SNT and (2.6) by ELISA by the 45th day then decline gradually to (1.8) by SNT and (2.0) by ELISA on the 90th day post vaccination (74 days post challenge). However, the obtained FMD antibody titers remained within the protective level.
9- Challenged vaccinated animals had antibody titers of (1.1) and (1.3) by SNT and ELISA respectively on the time of challenge at the 11th day post vaccination. After challenge these titer were found to be decreased then began to increase by the 20th day to reach their peaks (2.3) by SNT and (2.6) by ELISA by the 65th day then decline gradually to (2.0) by SNT and (2.2) by ELISA on the 90th day post vaccination (79 days post challenge). However, the obtained FMD antibody titers remain within the protective level.
10- Challenged vaccinated animals had antibody titers of (1.0) and (1.1) by SNT and ELISA, respectively on the time of challenge at the 7th day post vaccination. After challenge these titer were found to be decreased then began to increase by the 20th day to reach their peaks (2.3) by SNT and (2.6) by ELISA by the 75th day then decline gradually to (2.0) by SNT and (2.3) by ELISA on the 90th day post vaccination (82 days post challenge). However, the obtained FMD antibody titers remain within the protective level.
11- Challenged vaccinated animals had antibody titers of (0.8) and (1.0) by SNT and ELISA, respectively on the time of challenge at the 4th day post vaccination. After challenge these titer were found to be decreased then began to increase by the 20th day to reach their peaks (2.2) by SNT and (2.6) by ELISA by the 55th day then decline gradually to (1.7) by SNT and (1.9) by ELISA on the 90th day post vaccination (86 days post challenge). However, the obtained FMD antibody titers remain within the protective level.
12- Heperinized blood samples obtained from animals on different times of challenge with the virulent FMDV type ”O” revealed that all vaccinated calves had good cellular immune response which decreased after the challenge test then re-increased.
13- FMD virus type ”O” was able to be detected by FAT in OP samples obtained from vaccinated animals challenged on the 4th day post vaccination by the 12th day till the18th day post challenge while samples obtained from the control unvaccinated animals showed positive results by the 10th day up to 90 days post challenge.