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Abstract
Sayed Nassr Awad Darwish: Production of Some Vegetable Crop Transplants Organically Under Protected Cultivation Conditions. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2009.
Two experiments were carried out for tomato cv. Castel Rock, eggplant cv. Black Beauty and cucumber cv. Beta Alpha transplants organic production as compared to mineral fertilizer. Treatment as a way for reducing production costs as well as minimizing soil pollution.
The study aimed to using some alternative media for transplants production rather than peat moss as away for reducing production costs.
Experiments were carried out in the protected cultivation unit of National Agriculture Centre at Dokki in 2007 and 2008 seasons for the first and second experiments.
A preliminary experiment: included 17 treatments (faba bean straw compost 100 %, faba bean straw compost: vermiculate75:25 %, faba bean straw compost: vermiculate50:50 %,faba bean straw compost: vermiculate25:75%,corn stalk compost100 % , corn stalk compost: vermiculate75:25 %, corn stalk compost: vermiculate50:50 %,corn stalk compost: vermiculate25:75%,rice straw compost100 %,rice straw compost: vermiculate 75:25 %, rice straw compost: vermiculate 50:50 %, rice straw compost: vermiculate 25:75%, Begass compost 100 %, Begass compost: vermiculate 75:25 %, Begass compost: vermiculate 50:50 %, Begass compost: vermiculate 25:75%,control vermiculate: peat moss minerally fertilized1: 1)was conducted. Data indicated that the best treatment for emergence, vegetative growth characters and fresh and dry weight was the control treatment (peat moss: vermiculite 1:1 by volume). Faba bean straw compost treatment, followed by corn stalk compost showed lower growth values. However, rice straw compost was the worst treatment, in all cases. Data also indicated that decreasing the compost ratio, in the growing media from 100% to 75-50 and or 25% had a favorable effect on stimulating plant growth and produced higher values of vegetative growth, fresh and dry weight.
First experiment: included 11 treatments (faba bean straw compost: vermiculate: peat moss1:4:3, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss1:4:3, rice straw compost: vermiculate: peat moss1:4:3, faba bean straw compost: vermiculate: peat moss1:2:1, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss1: 2:1, rice straw compost: vermiculate: peat moss1:2:1, faba bean straw compost: vermiculate: peat moss1:3:0, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss1:3:0 rice straw compost: vermiculate: peat moss1:3:0, vermiculate: peat moss 1:1(organically fertilized), control vermiculate: peat moss1:1 (minerally fertilized). Emergence rate, percentage, vegetative growth, chlorophyll content, chemical composition (N P K contents) for transplants were recorded. Obtained data indicated that the best treatment for emergence parameters was the control (minerally fertilized). Faba bean straw compost and or corn stalk compost treatments showed lower emergence values than control, but higher than those of rice straw compost treatments.
The vegetative growth characters as well as chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight values and or chemical composition (N P K) content showed the same trend, being highest with the control, and lowest with rice straw compost treatments.
Second experiment: included 8 treatments for tomato(vermiculate: peat moss minerally fertilized1:1, vermiculate: peat moss minerally fertilized+ vesicular arbiscular mycorrhizae, vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:1, vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:1+ vesicular arbiscular mycorrhizae, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:2:1, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:2:1+ vesicular arbiscular mycorrhizae, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:4:3, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:4:3+ vesicular arbiscular mycorrhizae) Included 6 treatments for eggplant and cucumber (vermiculate: peat moss minerally fertilized1:1, vermiculate: peat moss minerally fertilized + vesicular arbiscular mycorrhizae, vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:1, vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:1+ vesicular arbiscular mycorrhizae, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss as recommended 1:2:1, corn stalk compost: vermiculate: peat moss as recommended1:2:1+ vesicular arbiscular mycorrhizae),
Data recorded for emergence rate, percentage, vegetative growth, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight, as well as chemical composition (N content) of the growing transplants, indicated that the best treatment was the control and mycorrhizae, peat moss: vermiculate 1:1 (organically fertilized) and mycorrhizae.
However, the worst treatment was corn stalk compost: vermiculite: peat moss (1: 2: 1) without mycorrhizae treatment, for tomato, eggplant, and cucumber transplants.
It could be concluded that the best media for transplant organic production for usage for organic cultivation could be as follows:-
1-Faba bean compost, followed by corn stalk compost, and last rice straw compost. However, faba bean straw compost could be excluded due to its high cost as well as its usage for animal feeding.
2-The best media for growing tomato was corn stalk compost: vermiculite: peat moss (1:4:3) by volume, followed by, corn stalk compost: vermiculite: peat moss (1:2:1) by volume.
3-The best media for eggplant and or cucumber seedling production was corn stalk: vermiculite: peat moss (1:2:1) by volume.
4-It could be concluded that using mycorrhizae treatments improved growth of transplants, as compared to the control.
Key Words: Tomato, eggplant, cucumber, transplants, organic production, transplant emergence, transplant vegetative growth, growing media, fresh and dry weight, mycorrhizae.