الفهرس 
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Abstract
To investigate the effect of low level laser on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement, prostaglandin E2 and pain level, a randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Fifteen prospective orthodontic patients were recruited for this study according to strict selection criteria. Employing the split mouth technique, the upper arch in each patient was assigned randomly to two groups: The study group and the control group.
A fixed orthodontic appliance was fitted in all subjects. A force of 150 g was applied on the maxillary right and left canines using a NiTi closed coil spring which was re-activated every 28 days. In the study group, in addition to the mechanical activation intervention by LLL took place using Gallium Aluminum Arsenide semiconductor diode laser of wavelength 810 nm, power out put 20 mW and was operated in continuous mode . The LLL was applied by power density of 6.36 W/cm2 and energy density of 6.3 J/cm2 at each point. The sessions were carried on four days of each month following every mechanical activation of the canine: Immediately after activation, 3, 7 and 14 days post activation. The LLL was applied using an optic fiber placed in contact on the mucosa at the canine area. A total of ten irradiations were performed each time, five by the buccal side and five by the palatal side, distributed as follows: Two irradiation points on the cervical third (one medial and one distal), two on the apical third (one medial and one distal) and one on the middle third (on the center of the root). The time of application was 10 seconds per point to deliver a total energy dose of 0.2 J per point. The contra-lateral canine in the control group received a placebo laser application at the same ten points of application as in the study group.