الفهرس 
List of figuresOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 168 |  |  |
| | | from | 168 | | |
Abstract
The face allows recognition and communication among people. No other part of the body is as aesthetically important as the face. Facial injuries can range from a minor inconvenience to a life time disfigurement. Maxillofacial trauma is presented in Accident and Emergency Department of the hospital as isolated injuries or part of poly-trauma. Maxillofacial trauma includes injuries to any of the bony or fleshy structures of the face.
Injury mechanisms such as falls, assaults, sports injuries, and vehicle crashes are common causes of facial trauma. Animal attacks and work-related injuries such as industrial accidents are other causes.
The study was done on 1348 patients who were presented to the casuality unit and out patient clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit at Sohag University hospital in the period from 2002 to 2010, with exclusion of cases with isolated soft tissue injuries and the results were as follow:
1- Age and sex distribution :
The young men were the most frequently victims of maxillofacial injuries in our community. The majority of cases in the study (48%) were in the age group of 15- 45 years old patients, with male to female ratio 3 : 1.
2- Aetiological factors of facial trauma :
The most common aetiological cause was RTA representing (44%) of cases, followed by fall from height (30%).
3- Patterns of maxillofacial trauma :
The commonest bone involved in the face was the mandible representing (70%) of cases, followed by zygomatic and periorbital bone representing (23%).
More detailed study of distribution of fracture mandible showed that fracture at parasympheseal region was the commonest representing (52%) of cases, followed by fracture body representing (50%).
4- Associated injuries :
Neurological injuries constituted about (23%) of the total number of cases, followed by orthopedic injuries which constituted about (20%) of cases. Forty four patients died in the first one months after trauma representing (3%) of cases.
5- Management of different pattern of facial fractures :
A- Mandibular fractures :
The most common method for fixation of mandibular fracture was by plates & screws representing (47%) of all cases of fracture mandible, followed by arch bar and IMF representing (26%) of cases. The results were satisfactory in (88%) of the cases of fracture mandible, while complications had been noticed in (12%) of all cases of fracture mandible.
B – Maxillary fracture :
The most common method of fixation was by plates and screws in (37 %) of all cases of maxillary fractures, followed by fixation by arch bar and IMF in 9 cases (22.5%).
C - Zygomatic and periorbital fracture :
Fixation by plates and screws was the main option of treatment in (51%) of cases, followed by conservative treatment in (31%) of cases. Ptosis and ectropion were noticed during follow up after repair in 3 patients (0.9%) of patients.
D- Nasal bone fracture :
The most common option of management of nasal bone fracture was reduction under general anaethesia in (91%) of all cases with nasal fracture, followed by conservative treatement in (8 %). Mild deviation of the nose was noticed in 2 cases (0.6%), which caused by early removal of cast by the patient.