الفهرس 
Sodium MetabolismOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hyponatraemia, is a relatively common finding in patients admitted to the hospital with heart failure.
. Hyponatraemia is defined as a serum sodium concentration less than 135mmol/L.
The mechanism of hyponatraemia in heart failure remains unclear. Water retention in excess of Sodium retentions appears to the principle mechanism.
Increased sodium retention results from: decreased renal perfusion, activation of rennin-angiotension- aldosterone system and impaired natriuretic peptide response.
Water retention results from increased reabsorption at proximal renal tubules, increased release of arginine vasopressin by the posterior pituitary and enhanced angiotensin mediated thirst. Thus, there is both increased total body sodium and water retention, but the total body water retention exceeds that of sodium retention resulting in hyponatremia.