الفهرس 
دراسات تناولت طرقا مختلفة لتدريس التعبير التحريرى وتنمية مهاراتهيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Linguists believe that thinking and expression are two facets of one mental process. Their development and enhancement are interrelated and connected at the same time with man’s life experiences and expertise. Expression could not be considered lively except when it provokes feelings, emotion and memories. It is well known that the expressions used by students without being meaningful or reflecting a personal feeling or experience is considered a dead phrase no matter how rhetorically significant it might be. Thus, the importance of composition as a field of competition between students and a way to solve problems and maintain profit for the society as a whole is clarified. It allows the society members to take
various decisions and solve different problems. Written composition has special prominence since it is an essential part of Arabic language acquisition. It could be considered the lab in which all the structures and rules governing the language functions and sound statements are applied. It is a means of communication between human beings no matter what type of composition is utilized. The
functional composition connects people to help in organizing their lives and fulfill their needs while creative composition transfers emotions and psychological concepts to other through an interesting literary style. It is rather essential for students to learn how to express themselves in natural situations or in functional ones that are closely related to their lives and reality as it provides opportunities for communication and activation, which are considered two of the prerequisites of good composition. Composition is closely related to the students’ lives and
reality so the tremendous information technology revolution should be positively utilized in enhancing students’ written composition abilities. The internet nowadays is similar to a window that a man uses to be in connection with the modern world. It is a wonderful medium that exhibits the reality of the world and facilitates means for dealing with it. Some of the helpful facilities provided by the internet are the blogs and electronic publishing devices. Blogs are one of the revolutionary tools of the internet that came after the e-mail and which is looked at as one of the recent written composition, publishing and communication devices on the World Wide Web. A blog is an electronic written material that combines the concepts of traditional writing and the filling system provided by the electronic publishing devices. Consequently, to be in accordance with the world of today and its scientific and technological means, and in light of the rapidly increasing
numbers of internet users after providing most of the Egyptian schools with the required technological infra-structure (large numbers of computers that are connected to the internet), and in response to the findings of related studies that emphasized the development of some thinking skills when teaching written composition in light of the technological devices, the idea of the recent study emerged. It is concerned with designing a program through the use of electronic blogs to develop some thinking skills in teaching written composition to first
year secondary students. The Study Problem: The study attempted to answer the following question: What is the effect of a suggested program in teaching written
composition using electronic blogs on the development of some thinking skills of first year secondary students? A number of sub-questions could be derived from the previous main question as follows : 1- What are the thinking skills suitable for first year secondary students? 2- What are the written composition topics suitable for first year secondary students? What is the outline of the suggested program in teaching written composition using electronic blogs on the development of some
thinking skills of first year secondary students? 4- What is the effectiveness of the suggested program in teaching written composition using electronic blogs on the development of some thinking skills of first year secondary students? The Study Aim : The recent study aimed at identifying the effect of the suggested program in teaching written composition using electronic blogs on the development of some thinking skills of first year secondary students (the study sample) . The Study Importance: The study is considered important as it might help in: 1- Enhancing the students’ level in written composition. 2- Reconsidering some of the instruction methods used when dealing with the written composition at some secondary schools. 3- Specifying the suitable thinking skills for teaching written composition so as to enhance the students’ level of written composition. 4- Developing Arabic language teachers professionally through training them on the utilization methods of the modern technological devices such as the blogs when teaching written
composition. 5- Expanding the scope of further research in such a field especially when the internet use and its utilities and their use in teaching Arabic language is concerned. The Study Limitations: The recent study is limited to the following: 1- A sample of first year secondary students at Aisha Hasnein Secondary School. 2- The second term of the school year 2010/2011. 3- The aimed at thinking skills (observation, comparison, categorization, explanation, deduction and evaluation). 4- Some written composition topics (friendship, reading, modern technology in our personal lives, the importance of sports in our lives, women and their role in society, free composition). The Study Method and Tools: The current study used the descriptive analytical method to achieve the study statistical aims so as to describe and analyze the students (study sample) responses results to the study tool, namely the thinking skills test in teaching written composition. In addition to the content analysis tool designed for analyzing the students’ writings. The study also used the quasi-experimental method to specify the effectiveness the suggested program in developing some thinking skills when teaching written composition through electronic blogs. The study divided the tools in the following way: A. Requirements for preparing the experimental tools including: - Designing the first year secondary students’ suitable thinking skills questionnaire. - Designing the first year secondary students’ suitable composition topics questionnaire. B. The experimental tools including: - (the students’ booklet). - (the teacher’s guide). C. The measurement tools including: - The thinking skills in composition teaching test.
- Pre and post analysis of the students’ writings. The Study hypotheses: The current study tested the following hypotheses: 1- There is no statistically significant difference between means of scores gained by the experimental group students in the pre and post implementation of the thinking skills test. 2- There is no statistically significant difference between the percentages of the students’ performance of suitable thinking skills in the pre and post content analysis . The Study Procedure: The study followed the following procedure: . To answer the first and second questions of the study : 1- What are the thinking skills suitable for first year secondary students? 2- What are the written composition topics suitable for first year secondary students? The researcher carried out the following: A. Reviewing the literature and the related previous studies dealing with the field of thinking skills in general and those suitable for teaching written composition specifically. B. Preparing a list of the thinking skills suitable for teaching written
composition using electronic blogs and judging it by the jury members, in addition to carrying out the suggested modifications. C. Preparing a list of the written composition topics suitable for first year secondary students and judging it by the jury members, in addition to carrying out the suggested modifications.To answer the study’s third question: 1- What is the outline of the suggested program in teaching written composition using electronic blogs on the development
of some thinking skills of first year secondary students? The researcher carried out the following: A. Designing the suggested program specifying its aims, content
areas, and components in light of the thinking skills and written composition topics lists suitable for first year secondary students. B. Preparing the teacher’s guide and students’ booklet to clarify the procedure used in creating and using the electronic blog and showing it to the jury members to judge their content and
procedures of preparation and usage. C. Modifying the suggested program in light of the jury comments. D. Training the study sample on preparing and using the electronic blog in writing composition and developing their thinking skills. To answer the study’s fourth question: 2- What is the effectiveness of the suggested program in teaching written composition using electronic blogs on the development of some thinking skills of first year secondary students? The researcher carried out the following: A. Selecting the study sample from among the first year secondary students at Fayoum Governorate schools so as to guarantee that the school is provided with a computer lab where internet connection is available. B. Analyzing the study sample pre composition writings to measure the availability of the thinking skills in their writings. C. Pre-administration of the thinking skills in written composition test to the study sample to collect pre-data. D. Training the experimental group on the use of electronic blogs in writing composition. E. Analyzing the study sample post composition writings to measure the availability of the thinking skills in their writings. F. Post-administration of the thinking skills in written composition test to the study sample to collect post-data. G. Deriving the results of students’ writings analysis to analyze them statistically and draw conclusions. H. Depending on the study results, the conclusions, suggestions and recommendations were provided for. The Study Results:In light of the study procedure, the following results could be
presented: 1- There is a statistically significant difference between means of
scores gained by the experimental group students in the pre and post implementation of the thinking skills test in favor of the post implementation. 2- There is a statistically significant difference between the percentages of the students’ performance of suitable thinking skills in the pre and post content analysis in favor of the post analysis. In general the results points out the effectiveness of the suggested program introduced to first year secondary students in teaching written composition using electronic blogs on the development of some thinking skills of first year secondary students, thus the main study question was answered. The Study Recommendations: Depending on the study results, the following recommendations could be introduced: 1- Modern technological devices should be utilized in teaching the Arabic language especially when written composition is concerned. 2- The written composition should be devised a specific
curriculum attached to the teacher’s guide. 3- Focusing on the development of various thinking skills in the Arabic language branches. 4- Putting into consideration the students’ preferences by providing them the opportunity to select their favourite topics from a long provided list. 5- Encouraging students to write creatively through the use of wall magazines, the school broadcast, and providing them varied rewards. 6- Holding a number of written composition competitions for
students. 7- Connecting the teaching of creative writing and the other
branches of Arabic language such as reading comprehension and literary texts. 8- Putting the variant services provided by the internet in use when teaching the Arabic language. The Study Suggestions: In light of the study results and recommendations, the researcher suggests the following: 1- The effectiveness of an electronic blog in dealing with the faulty visions of the grammatical structures of second cycle of basic education pupils. 2- A study for testing the effectiveness of an electronic blog in developing the variant thinking skills at variant educational
stages. 3- A comparative study between the effect of using electronic blogs and other internet devices on the development of students’ thinking skills when teaching the Arabic language. 4- The effectiveness of educational blogs in the development of academic achievement and direction so the university students