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Abstract
It is intersting to say that Meniere’s disease (MD) is manifested clinically in its classic form by the symptoms of episodic vertigo associated with fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and sense of fullness ( Wazen et al., 2010).
Causes of Meniere’s disease is idiopathic and if there is a known cause, it is called secondary Meniere’s disease. The possible causes of Meniere’s disease are genetic anomalies, autoimmunity, diminished blood flow to the inner ear, otosyphilis, viral infection, trauma, chronic otitis media, otosclerosis and allergy ( Ge et al .,2006).
Diagnosis of Meniere’s disease include :
Routine tests such as audiometry, electronystagmography with caloric testing, auditory brainstem response .
Extended tests include electrocochleography, otoacoustic emissions, autoimmune tests and imaging of the temporal bone ( Halmagyi ., 2005).
Management of Meniere’s disease include :
Medical treatment
Treatment of acute attacks includes drugs as scopolamine, dimenhydrinate, diazepam, prochlorperazine and promethazine.
Attack-free interval ( prevention of further attacks ) by : steroid therapy, diuretics and vasodilators.
Supportive and psychologic therapy.
Minimally - invasive technique
Chemical labyrinthectomy includes the use of aminoglycosides (gentamicin) due to its vestibular toxicity
Surgical treatment ( Nabi and Parnes, 2009).
o Conservative procedures (hearing preserved):
Endolymphatic sac surgery for (MD).
Revision of endolymphatic sac surgery for recurrent (MD).
Endolymphatic sac enhancement.
o Partially - destructive procedures (hearing preserved):
Vestibular nerve section.
o Destructive procedures (hearing destroyed):