الفهرس 
• History of Tobacco SmokeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Smoking is a leading cause of disease and death in the world Worldwide; approximately 2 million people die every year because of smoking, half of them under 70 years of age.
Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart and lungs, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer (particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and mouth, and pancreatic cancer).
Some skin diseases are caused by components of tobacco smoke and tobacco cessation can result in an improvement and even resolution of such diseases such as oral melanosis, occupational tobacco dermatitis, black hairy tongue, thromboangitis obliterans, and periodontal disease.
Smoking is closely associated with several dermatologic diseases such as psoriasis, palmoplantaris pustulosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as cancers such as those of the lip, oral cavity, and anogenital region.
A more debatable relationship exists with melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, basal cell carcinoma, and acne. In contrast, smoking seems to protect against mouth sores, rosacea, labial herpes simplex, pemphigus vulgaris, and dermatitis herpetiformis.
Furthermore, we should not forget that smoking has bad cosmetic effects such as yellow fingers and fingernails, changes in tooth color, taste and smell disorders, halitosis and hypersalivation.
Several studies have shown that smoking is an independent risk factor for the development of premature facial wrinkling and skin ageing.
This study was carried for investigation of the quantitative and the qualitative changes of the dermal elastic tissue of sun-protected skin induced by smoking, as well as the possible mechanisms responsible for them.
Punch biopsies were obtained from non exposed skin of 15smokers and 15 nonsmokers to evaluate the dermal elastic fibers using morphometric analyses and immunohistochemical techniques.
The elastic fibers of the reticular dermis were numerous thickened and fragmented in smokers than non-smokers, while there was no morphological difference in the papillary dermis between smokers and non-smokers.
Correlations between the cumulative tobacco dose and the morphology of the elastic fibers were highly significant as regard to the number and the mean of area occupied by elastic fibers.
There was no difference in epidermal thickness between smokers and non smokers.
Immunohistochemical Analysis for α-1-Antitrypsin: showed negative cytoplasmic staining for all samples of both smokers and non-smokers.
In conclusion, this study supports that smoking is a risk factor for the increase of elastic fibers of the reticular dermis. This increase is due to elastic tissue degradation rather than new synthesis, as occurs in solar elastosis. Furthermore, sunlight and smoking have multiplicative effects on facial ageing and could share, at least in part, a pathophysiological pathway.
Although smoking may have a certain beneficial effect on some skin diseases, it is extremely difficult to say anything in favor of this highly damaging habit and its beneficial effects are insignificant when compared to the dangers of habitual tobacco use for both the smokers and those exposed to secondary smoke
We are responsible for encouraging smokers to consider the value of quitting not only to improve their general health and to alleviate specific skin diseases, but also to conserve a healthier physical appearance.
Further studies on a large scale of patient are needed to understand the effect of smoking on the skin elastic fibers and to determine precisely the way by which smoking affect the different components