الفهرس 
DandruffOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dandruff & scalp seborrheic dermatitis are generally regarded as the same entity with dandruff representing the mild non-inflammatory end of a spectrum of scalp scaling.
The relationship between SD and dandruff has been controversial, some investigators regarded the diagnosis of SD of the scalp as a way of describing severe dandruff, whereas others believe that the term dandruff should be used for any flaking of the scalp, regardless of origin.
Malassezia species are universally present as commensals among the normal skin micro-organisms, they have also been recognized as opportunistic pathogens causing invasive infections. Although yeast of the genus Malassezia is a normal part of the skin flora, still the question of whether there is a relationship between particular Malassezia species and Various dermatologic disorders, different authors have debated whether Malassezia yeast is of primary pathogenic significance or a secondary phenomenon.
Early investigators suggested that the Malassezia yeast might play a role in the cause of SD/D. However, researchers later began to view this condition as the result of hyperproliferation. This hypothesis was agreed upon because of the effectiveness of keratolytic and anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and Dandruff .
With the development of new antifungal agents there has been a renewed interest in the relationship between Malassezia yeasts and seborrheic dermatitis. Patients with seborrheic dermatitis, and AIDS-related seborrheic dermatitis have been treated with ketoconazole, resulting in both amelioration of lesions and a decrease in the number of the yeasts on the skin. The Malassezia yeasts that are commonly found on the scalp have been reported to make up a higher proportion of scalp microflora in patients with dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis (Ortonne et al.,1992).
To study the hypothesis of whether Malassezia species play a primary aetiological role in the pathogenesis of these dermatological conditions or just a secondary phenomenon as a result of hyperproliferation, this work was designed as a case control comparative study on 30 patient complaining of
dandruff, not proceeding to seborrheic dermatitis and 10 patients complaining of seborrheic dermatitis and 10 normal persons as control. All cases had not received antifungal treatment for at least two weeks before the samples were taken.
Clinical assessment was done for every patient .Two samples of scales were obtained from each case,one sample was used for microscopic examination, using potassium hydroxide (10-20%)and the second sample was used for culture of Malassezia specisGram stain was applied to identity colonies in the culture.
Further physiologic tests were done to determine the definit malassezia species.
from our statistically analysed results we found that there was a positive correlation between the presence of Malassezia in cases of D/SD wither it plays a primary role in the etiology or its presence is secondary to presence of scales.
The persent of positivity in SD was higher than that in D that may arouse the suspicious of that malassezia may play a primary role in the inflammation present in seborrheic dermatitis
The most prevalent species in both SD and D was sympodialis.
This study shows the superiority of Dixon’s medium as growth media for Malassezia species .
Finally, we believe that Malassezia species play an aetiological role in both D/SD.