الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Copper (0.75 and 1.5 mg L-1) and Lead (150 and 300 µg L-1) on the physiological performance of Nile Tilapia fish weighted (45±4.8g) and the effect of calcium carbonate (100 mg L-1) as a protective agent for the effect of these materials. Each experiment was designed in 5 treatments and 3 replicates, 1st group was the control, 2nd and 3rd groups were the treatments of pollutants only and 4th and 5th groups were the treatments of pollutants plus calcium carbonate, 150 fish were used for each experiment which took 30 days as an exposure period followed by 15 days as recovery period. Fish were fed twice daily on a 25% protein commercial diet. The samples were taken at the end of the exposure and recovery periods. The effects were reported by using haematological, biochemical, residues and histological tests.
The results showed that no significant differences in hepatosomatic index while there were significant differences in haematological ,biochemical constitutes and residues parameters. Histological sections of gills and liver showed a big damage in these tissues specially at high concentrations of copper and lead. These differences were reduced at calcium carbonate treatments and after the recovery period. Therefore, it can be recommended that for farmed fish with pollutant source, using any protective agent as a defense towards these pollutants or transfer fish for a while in a clear water to give it a chance to get rid of pollutants from its bodies before fishing and marketing.
Key words : Heavy metals, Protective agent, Copper, Lead, Tilapia, Haematology, Residues, Histology.