الفهرس 
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Abstract
Studies were carried out to evaluate the pathogenecity, hematological
changes, coagulation disorders, and blood biochemical changes in broiler
breeder male chickens vaccinated with live CAV-26P4 and cux-1 strains.
These studies revealed the following results:
1- Maternally derived antibody (MDA) gradually DROPped from 1st week
till the 10th week of age. The ELISA mean titers were 3178, 1165, 559,
521, 508, 472, 452, 424, 423 and 313 at week interval, respectively.
2- Clinical signs were clearly observed two weeks post vaccination (PV)
in groups (1, 3 & 5) vaccinated with CAV-26P4 strain by intramuscular
route, as affected birds appeared depressed, with pallor comb and wattles
and ruffled feathers when compared with non vaccinated groups. Groups
(2, 4 & 6) vaccinated with CAV-cux-1 strain by oral route did not
develop clinical signs during the experimental period when compared
with non vaccinated groups.
3- Gross lesions were clearly observed in groups (1, 3 & 5) vaccinated
with CAV-26P4 strain by intramuscular route, as the affected birds
showed atrophy of the thymus, mild atrophy of bursa, pale bone marrow
of the femur, enlargement and discoloration of the liver and sometimes
subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhage, could be observed at 2nd
week PV when compared with non vaccinated group. Groups (2, 4 & 6)
vaccinated with CAV-cux-1 strain by oral route showed mild atrophy of thymus and mild swelling of liver at 4th week PV when compared with
non vaccinated group.
4- There was a significant increase of ELISA titers in birds vaccinated
with CAV-26P4 strain by i.m. inoculation approximately at all weeks PV
with the most significant increase was observed at 5th and 6th weeks PV in
group 1 and group 5, while in group 3, the most significant increase of
ELISA titers was observed at 4th, 5th & 6th weeks PV when compared with
non vaccinated group. Also birds vaccinated with CAV-cux-1 strain
orally produced a significant increase of ELISA titers approximately at all
weeks PV with the most significant increase was observed at 5th week PV
in group 2, while in group 4 and group 6, the most significant increase of
ELISA titers was observed at 4th, 5th & 6th weeks PV when compared with
non vaccinated group.
5- There was no significant differences of HI mean titers of avian
influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) viral vaccines when CAVvaccinated
groups compared with each other or with non vaccinated
group.
6- It was shown that groups (1, 3 & 5) vaccinated with CAV-26P4 strain
by intramuscular route developed a significant anemia or a significant
reduce of erythrogram including packed cell volumes (PCV), hemoglobin
(Hb) and red blood cells (RBCs) mostly at 2nd week PV, while groups (2,
4 & 6) vaccinated with CAV-cux-1 strain by oral route developed a
significant reduce of Hb and RBCs mostly at 4th week PV.
7- It was shown that groups (1, 3 & 5) vaccinated with CAV-26P4 strain
by intramuscular route developed leucopenia early at 2nd & 3rd weeks PV, while groups (2, 4 & 6) vaccinated with CAV-cux-1 strain by oral route
showed delay of leucopenia at 4th & 6th weeks PV.
8- The study revealed that groups 1 & 3 showed a significant heterophilia
and a significant lymphopenia from 1st - 6th week PV, while group 5
showed a significant heterophilia and a significant lymphopenia from 1st -
3rd week PV. Group 2 showed no significant change of blood heterophils
and lymphocytes from 1st - 6th week PV, but other groups 4 & 6
developed a significant heterophilia and a significant lymphopenia from
4th – 6th week PV when compared with non vaccinated group.
9- The present study revealed that group 1 developed a significant
monocytopenia at 1st, 2nd, 4th & 6th weeks PV, while group 2 developed a
significant monocytopenia at 1st, 2nd & 6th weeks PV. Group 3 developed
a significant monocytopenia at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th & 6th weeks PV, while
group 4 developed a significant monocytopenia at 1st, 2nd & 6th weeks PV.
Groups 5 & 6 developed a significant monocytopenia at 1st, 2nd, 5th & 6th
weeks PV when compared with non vaccinated group.
10- It was seen that groups (1, 3 & 5) vaccinated with CAV-26P4 strain
by intramuscular route developed a significant thrombocytopenia from 1st
– 6th week PV, while groups (2, 4 & 6) vaccinated with CAV-cux-1 strain
by oral route developed a significant thrombocytopenia from 2nd – 6th
week PV with the most significant thrombocytopenia was observed at 4th,
5th & 6th weeks PV when compared with non vaccinated group.
11- It was showed that CAV-26P4 & cux-1 strains cause a significant
increase of bleeding time (BT) in all vaccinated groups. Group 1
developed a significant increase of BT at 2nd, 3rd & 4th weeks PV, while
group 2 developed a significant increase of BT at 3rd & 5th weeks PV. Group 3 developed a significant increase of BT at 2nd & 3rd weeks PV,
while group 4 developed a significant increase of BT at 3rd week PV.
Group 5 developed a significant increase of BT at 1st, 2nd & 3rd weeks PV,
while group 6 developed a significant increase of BT at 1st & 3rd weeks
PV vaccinated.
12- Chicken anemia virus-26P4 & cux-1 strains cause a significant
increase of clotting time (CT) in all vaccinated groups when compared
with non vaccinated group. Groups (1, 3 & 5) vaccinated with CAV-26P4
strain by i.m. route developed a significant increase of clotting time (CT)
mostly at 2nd, 3rd weeks PV, while in group 2, a significant increase of CT
was observed at 4th & 5th weeks PV, but there was no significant change
of CT in groups 4 & 6 when compared with non vaccinated group.
13- It was detected that CAV-26P4 & cux-1 strains cause a significant
increase of prothrombin time (PT) in all vaccinated groups from 1st - 6th
week PV, except in group 2, PT was significantly increased from 1st - 3rd
week PV, and in group 4, PT was significantly increased from 1st - 5th
week PV.
14- It was detected that CAV-26P4 & cux-1 strains cause a significant
increase of whole blood recalcification time (WBRT) with the most
significant increase was observed at 5th week PV in all vaccinated groups,
except group 2 as it developed a significant increase of WBRT at 2nd &
3rd weeks PV when compared with non vaccinated group.
15- It was detected that CAV-26P4 & cux-1 strains cause a significant
increase of Plasma recalcification time (PRT) in all vaccinated groups.
Groups (1, 3 & 5) vaccinated with CAV-26P4 strain by i.m. route
developed a significant increase of PRT from 1st – 6th week PV, while group 2 developed a significant increase of PRT at 1st, 2nd & 3rd weeks
PV, but groups 4 & 6 developed the most significant increase of PRT at
5th week PV.
16- Chicken anemia virus-26P4 & cux-1 strains cause a significant
increase of liver enzymes, serum alanine aminotransferase (SALT) and
serum aspartate aminotransferase (SAST) in all vaccinated groups mostly
at 4th week PV, except in group 6, there was no significant change of
SALT & SAST.
17- It was showed that CAV-26P4 & cux-1 strains cause a significant
hypoproteinemia and hypoglobuliemia mostly at 2nd week PV in all
vaccinated groups when compared with non vaccinated group.
18- It was detected that group 1 showed no significant change of serum
albumin, while group 2 showed a significant increase of serum albumin at
2nd week PV when compared with non vaccinated group. Also group 3
showed a significant decrease of serum albumin at 3rd week PV, while
there was no significant change of serum albumin in group 4. Groups 5 &
6 developed a significant increase of serum albumin at 2nd week PV when
compared with non vaccinated group.
19- The study revealed that CAV-26P4 & cux-1 strains cause a
significant increase of albumin : globulin ratio (A/G ratio) in all
vaccinated groups at 2nd week PV except in group 4, there was no
significant change of A/G ratio from 1st – 6th week PV when compared
with non vaccinated group.
20- The study revealed that a significant increase of serum uric acid was
observed at 5th week PV in group 5 when compared with non vaccinated
group.