الفهرس 
Review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
When a subject presents with symptoms of angina pectoris,measurement of biomarkers such as troponin that are released from damaged myocytes can rapidly identify acute myocardial injury,allowing for timely interventions and a dramatic decrease in mortality.The analogous condition of the kidney, acute kidney injury (AKI), has been referred to as angina renalis, and the similarities end right there.AKI is largely asymptomatic. Unfortunately, creatinine is a
notoriously delayed and unreliable indicator of AKI for a variety of reasons The pursuit of improved biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AKI and its outcomes is an area of intense contemporary research. For answers, we must turn to the kidney itself. Indeed, understanding the early stress response of the kidney to acute injuries has revealed a number of potential biomarkers. The bench-to-bedside journey of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), arguably the most promising novel AKI biomarker.In the present work we aim to evaluate urine NGAL as a marker for early detection of post contrast AKI Our study was conducted on 43 patients 31 male and 12 female,and all were subjected for contrast media administration for imaging the coronaries in PCI procedure, and ten healthy control subjects All patients and controls are subjected to: history taking, clinical examination, routine investigation which included (CBC, liver function tests, lipid profile, ECG, ECHO, urea and creatinine) and specific investigation which include urinary NGAL level Summary The study measured serum creatinine after PCI in consecutive days, urine NGAL level was measured 4 hours post PCI procedure in all patients The study classify patients according to increase in serum creatinine after contrast injection into two groups; a group with creatinine rise more than 0.3mg/dl or >25% above base line this called CIAKI group and the other group that increase in creatinine less than 0.3mg/dl this called non CIAKI group.Comparison between the two groups was made according to clinical data, and laboratory findings, Results showed that:• The frequency of CIAKI among our studied patients was 30.2%
(13/43).There is a significant correlation between serum basal creatinine level and urine basal NGAL level.Base line uNGAL level is significantly correlate with hemoglobin level, hematocrit, blood urea, and eGFR.There is increase in uNGAL level 4 hour post contrast administration in all our studied patients.There is a significant correlation between post contrast serum creatinine level and post contrast urine NGAL level Post contrast uNGAL level in patients who developed CIAKI is highly significantly elevated than post contrast uNGAL level in patients who did not developed CIAKI.No significant correlation between type of contrast and post contrast uNGAL level.The study showed that level of hemoglobin is not a risk factor for increasing CIAKI There is increased frequency of CIAKI in diabetic and patients with preexisting kidney disease.At a cut off level for uNGAL of 52.5 ng/ml there is increasing risk for CIAKI