الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer is a disease that has plagued humans since Ancient times. It has been detected in the bones and skulls of Egyptian and Peruvian mummies embalmed as far back as 3000 B.C. Hippocrates, around 400 B.C., first used the term carcinoma , from the Greek Karkinoma, meaning ”Crab” the disease linked to a crab because of the claw like extensions of a spreading cancer. In Egypt today, the number of new cancer patients per year is estimated to be 70,000. Added to these are another total of 250,000 patients who have accumulated from previous years who require medical care. Accumulated patients represent more than three times the number of new cases. This patient load will expand in the future as the population continues to grow, and as the prevalence of known etiologic factors increase. Egyptian patients with cancer usually present at a relatively advanced stage of their disease, which has a negative impact on treatment results. Liver cancer is the 5th most frequent cancer site for males after lung, prostate, stomach and colorectal cancer. It constitutes 7.5% of all cancer types. For females, it is the 8th most common, accounting for 3.5% of all cancer types. In Egypt Liver cancer is the 2nd
most frequent cancer site for males after bladder. It constitutes 13% of all cancers For females, it is the 4th after breast, NHL and leukemia. It constitutes 4.1% of all cancers. Risk Factors for Liver Cancer includes: Certain types of Viral Hepatitis, Long –Term Exposure to Aflatoxin, Vinyl Chloride and Thorium Dioxide, Birth Control Pills, Anabolic steroids, Arsenic and other chemicals and smoking.