الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Traffic pollution is a serious problem which affects the human and the environment.
Motor vehicles are a major source of the criteria pollutants and hazardous air pollutant
that are ubiquitous to urban areas. Traditionally air quality engineers have
investigated the connection between transportation demand and emission and between
emission and ambient concentration.
Recently, air quality managers have begun to consider the extent to which urban
planning may reduce transportation demand and motor vehicle kilometer.
The air pollution accumulating in the interior of automobiles almost exclusively of
gasoline and diesel exhaust. This toxic soup of gases aerosols and microscopic
particles includes benzene ( a known carcinogen) carbon monoxide ( which interferes
with the blood ability to transport oxygen) particulate matter ( which studies have
associated with increased death rates) and a host of other hazardous chemicals.
Public health officials frequently issue warnings in local weather broadcasts when
concentrations of auto pollutants exceed healthful levels in the ambient air. The air
quality inside of cars is typically much worse. In cars benzene concentrations
sometimes exceed concentrations in the roadside air by up to four fold. Carbon
monoxide concentrations may be more than 10 times higher inside of cars than at the
road.
Elevated in car pollution concentrations particularly endanger children, the elderly,
and people with asthma and other respiratory conditions, while it receives little
attention in car air pollution may pose one of the greatest modem threats to human
health.
There are different methods to reduce traffic pollution by using technology such as
(use Hybrid-Electric Vehicles - use fuel-cell vehicles - use alternative fuel vehicles-
use Greener Conventional Vehicles - use Battery-Electric Vehicles - use EGR - use
Catalytic Converters).
There is a relationship between the traffic pollution and land area where increasing in
land area causes decreasing in traffic pollution at constant population.
There is a relationship between the traffic pollution and population where increasing
in population causes increasing in traffic pollution at constant land area.
With more frequent and efficient service, a grater number of passengers will be
attracted to use public transport.