الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out on horses belonging to crude plasma productions department in the Center of Laboratory animal and crude plasma productions belonging to Egyptian Company for production of Vaccines, Sera and Drug belonging to Biological products and Vaccines Holding Company (VACSERA) on which obtaining antivenin plasma by immunization of horses with different types of snake venom.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of some management systems on the behaviour and performance of experimental horses used for production of snakes antivenins. Three groups of horses were used for antisera production, first group injected with Egyptian Cobra (Naja haje) venom (Family: Elapidae), second group injected with Spitting Cobra (Naja nigricollis) venom (Family: Elapidae), third group injected with Horned Viper (Cerastes cerastes) venom (Family: Viperidae), to reach the maximum performance and efficiency for the horses through providing suitable managemental system represented by concentrated ration with multivitamins and minerals, releasing horse in yard and reduced venom injected doses to achieve highly potent crude antivenin, through using plasmapheresis system for plasma separation with studying its effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters of horse and duration needed for horse rest and retaining its parameters to normal, with trial to reduce negative effects of different injected venoms and plasmapheresis on the health condition of horse.
It was noticed that, the reducing of injected venom dose resulted in the same potency also reflected in decreasing the effect of venom on body which appeared in long run on health condition and production age of horse, in addition to decreasing the cost of exhausted venom used in immunization. On the other hand, effect of feeding appeared on the plasmapheresis process through the hematological parameters (hemoglobin, RBCs, PCV, MCV, and MCH) in which compensation of the parameter better than control group. Although farm ration (control group) increased urea level, the parameters returned to normal level but slower than experiment group. In addition to that, yard had clear effect on the increasing potency of antisera and returning the parameters after plasmapheresis process, in addition to its reflection on the healthy conditions of horses due to providing the chance for horses to express their normal behaviour. Worth mentioning rest period between two schedules of immunization (10 – 14 days) which was enough for returning parameters within normal values in presence of concentrated ration with multivitamins and minerals to increase liver efficiency and immune system. It is noticeable that, suffering in horses injected with Cobra venom was the highest comparable to horses injected with Horned Viper venom and Spitting Cobra venom, this was reflected on the mortality percentage in Cobra groups due to potent lethal effect of Cobra venom (hemolytic and neurotoxic enzymes). With regarding to the fact that, as long as the efficacy of liver within 50 %-80% the hematological and biochemical parameters in horses were within normal range without symptoms of illness, over this percentage liver rupture was occurred and become the main cause of mortality in production lines of antisera. Finally ration and yard had great effects reflected in decreasing suffering percentage on the experimental groups of 1st and 2nd experiment than control groups while reduction of venom dose had the same effect on both experiment and control groups as the suffering percentages were nearly equals.