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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and
the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite great progress in
diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for patients with HCC is still
unsatisfactory and unpredictable because of high rates of recurrence and
metastasis.
CD133 (prominin-1) was the first identified member of the prominin
family of pent span membrane proteins.
CD133 (AC133) is a five transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein,
originally identified in a subpopulation of CD34-positive haematopoietic stem
cells derived from human fetal bone marrow, fetal liver or peripheral blood.
CD133 is known to be present in endothelial stem cells, neuronal, glial stem
cells, renal and prostatic epithelial stem cells.
Researchers have used CD133 to find CSCs in several malignant tumor
tissues such as acute myeloid leukemia, and brain and colon cancers and
found that CD133 expression is increased in many human malignancies and is
potential prognostic marker. More recently, a CD133-positive a subpopulation
of multipotent cells with extensive proliferative and self-renewal abilities was
identified as CSCs in several HCC cell lines, and was proven to contribute to
the initiation and growth of HCC supporting the CSC hypothesis.
Recent reports show that the level of circulating EPCs was elevated in
patients with HCC and might correlate with the aggressiveness of the tumor.
The previous reports have indicated that EPCs can be identified by
simultaneous expression of the cell surface markers CD34, CD133, and
kinase insert domain-containing receptor.
Summary
Correlation is detected between CD133 levels and histological grades
and clinical staging of HCC, Increased CD133 expression was more frequent
with high tumor stage and histological grade.
This study aimed to investigate percentage of CD133 +ve/CD34+ve
cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HCC patient, HCV patients
and healthy controls as a markers of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs),we
also evaluated the percentage of CD133+ve/CD45-ve cells in the peripheral
blood mononuclear cells in HCC patient, HCV patients and healthy controls
as a markers of circulating cancer stem cells , to test its possible use as a
marker for early detection of HCC and correlate these cases with age
,biochemical tests ,AFP and tumor size.
The current study included 30 patients; 15 patients with hepatocellular
carcinoma (group I) and 15 patients with hepatitis C virus with cirrhosis
(group II) in addition to 10 healthy volunteers as a control group (group III).
All groups were subjected to full clinical examination, abdominal
ultrasound, HCV Abs, HBSAg, PC, liver function tests, CBC, α-fetoprotein
and peripheral blood percentages of CD133+/CD34+ and CD133+/CD45-.
The obtained results showed that:
There are more mobilized EPCs in the peripheral blood of patients with
HCC than in HCV patients, while there is no percent of expression in
peripheral blood of healthy controls.
Circulating cancer stem cells expressing CD133 present only in 40% of
HCC patient groups, while there is no expression in HCV patients and
control group.
Summary
There was positive correlation between CD133+/CD34+ and AFP
levels in patients with HCC while there is no significant correlation
with clinico pathological data of the patient groups.
There was no significant correlation between CD133+ve/CD 45-ve and
AFP levels in patients with HCC and with clinico pathological data of
the patient groups.