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Abstract
Olanzapine is atypical antipsychotics that is effective in the treatment of all schizophrenia with less extra-pyramedial symptoms. On the other hand, fish oil and evening primrose oil are essential nutrient in atherogenic, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and cancers.The purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical effects of olanzapine dose in short-term experiment A number of sixty female albino rats were allocated for the present study after acclimatization peroid of 1 week. Firstly, the rats were divided into two groups; negative normal control group and olanzapine-administered group caged for 4 weeks. The second group olanzapine-administered rats were subdivided into olanzapine-administered control group, olanzapine-administered group treated with fish oil and olanzapine administered group treated with evening primrose oil caged for another 4 weeks . Finally, the samples were taken at the end of 8 weeks of the experiment.
In the present study, oral administration of 4 mg/kg. b.w. of olanzapine to adult female albino rats induce changes in the islets of langerhans by marked decrease of beta cells. On the other hand, olanzapine group treated with fish oil or evening primrose oil prospered to ameliorate the deteriorated effects of olanzapine on islets of langerhans and normalize the number of alpha and beta cells.
On the other hand, histopathological examination of adipose tissue revealed larger size and number of adipocytes with necrosis. Treatment with either fish oil or evening primrose oil normalize adipose tissue cells size.
The obtained data revealed the following results:-
1- There was a marked increase in the recorded body weight gain, food intake, visceral adipose tissue weight and abdominal circumference by olanzapine administration but the decrease in these parameters was attained by fish oil and evening primrose oil with olanzapine treatment.
2- Data obtained showed that fasting serum glucose and 2hrs serum glucose levels were significantly increased by olanzapine administration as compared with normal group. On the other hand, 2 hours serum glucose and fasting serum glucose were significantly decreased as a result of fish oil and evening primrose oil treatment as compared with olanzapine-administered control group.
3- Data obtained also showed that serum C- peptide and serum insulin significantly decreased by olanzapine administration as compared with normal. However, fish oil and evening primrose oil treatment succeeded to normalize and increase serum insulin as compared with olanzapine-administered control group . On the other hand, serum C-peptide was non-signifantly affected by fish oil or evening primrose oil treatment as compared with olanzapine treated group but still decreased as compared with normal.
4- The present results revealed that there was a potential increase in serum total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, vLDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, serum LDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular risk index in olanzapine-administered control group as compared with normal group. On the other hand, fish oil and evening primrose oil prospered to decrease the last parameters as compared with negative olanzapine administered rats.
5- The data revealed that serum total free fatty acids were increased by olanzapine treatment as compared with normal group. However, fish oil and evening primrose oil non-significantly decrease in serum total free fatty acids as compared with olanzapine group.
6- Data obtained showed that serum total proteins, serum albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, urea and creatine were non- significantly altered in all treated groups as compared normal and with olanzapine -administered control rats.
7- Data analysis showed that there were significant increases in serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT with administration of olanzapine as compared with normal group. In addition, there were profound decreases in serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and GGT with treatment either with fish oil or evening primrose oil as compared with olanzapine administered group.
In conclusion, the fish oil and evening primrose oil potentially counteracts the diabetogenic effect of olanzapine. The study recommends the use of fish oil and/or evening primrose oil during the period of treatment with the antipsychotic drug, olanzapine.