الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV, HEV) which transmitted enterically are highly endemic in Egypt. This study aims to evaluate prevalence and genotyping of HAV, HEV and TTV in the environment.
In the present study, 45 sewage samples were collected during November 2007 to January 2009 from Zenin wastewater treatment plant. There were 15 sludge samples and 30 wastewater samples, 45 drinking water samples were collected from EL-Giza treatment plant. There were 15 sludge samples and 30 drinking water samples. Also there were 152 stool samples collected from hospitalized children that suffering from liver function disorder. All samples subjected to nested and semi nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HAV RNA, HEV RNA and TTV DNA. PCR products, of 2nd round of some positive samples, were purified for nucleotide sequence analysis in both directions. Fragments nucleotide sequences were compared to sequences derived from the corresponding viral genome regions reported in the Gen Bank.
The results showed that the incidence of HAV in sewage samples was 80% (36/45), while it was 76.3% (116/152) among hospitalized children’s with acute hepatitis and it reached to 28.9% (13/45) in drinking water samples. The infectivity of HAV in sewage samples was 40% (18/45) while it reached to 15.6% (7/45) in drinking water samples. The result indicated that the sequence of our isolate belong to HAV genotype IB. The incidence of HEV in sewage samples was 24.4% (11/45) but it was not detected in stool and drinking water samples. The result indicated that the sequence of our isolate belong to HEV genotype I. The incidence of TTV in sewage samples was 64.4% (29/45), while it was 59.2% (90/152) among hospitalized children’s with acute hepatitis and it reached to 17.8% (8/45) in drinking water samples. The result indicated that the sequence of our isolate belong to TTV genotype 23. These results improve that HAV, HEV and TTV circulated in Egyptian environment and transferred from infected person to wastewater that discharges into Nile river water.