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Abstract
Fascioliasis in animals cause significant effect on the animal weight, wool and milk production as well as the condemnation of livers infected when slaughtering these animals, causing a decrease in the production of meat, because most anti-parasitics have several side effects. The present strdy was designed to investigate the effect of ivermectin or triclabendzole and their coadministration on male fertility in rats and their effects on the liver and kidney functions .
The first group was received ivermectin (0.56 mg / kg body weight s.c ).and the second group was received with the drug triclabendazole (35 mg / kg body weight by orally) and the third group was received ivermectin (0.56 mg / kg weight of body weight s.c) pluse triclabendazole(35 mg / kg body weight orally), The fourth received 2 ml saline 0.9 % given orally, all drugs were readministered to all groups after 31 days from the start of the experiment as the same doses previously mentioned. Five rats from each treated and control groups were killed after 2nd ,4th and 8th week from the beginning of drug administration.
Blood, samples ,liver,kidney,and spleen ,testes,epididymis and accessory organs (seminal vesicle, prostate gland) were taken from each animal and the obtained results are summarized as follows:
First:The effect of the drugs used on the weights of liver, kidney and spleen of rat:
Liver, kidney and spleen weights of mature rats treated by ivermectin (0.56 mg/kg b.w s.c),triclabendazole(35 mg/kg b.w oral) and ivermectin +triclabendazole showed that, there was a significant reduction in the liver and spleen after 4th weeks and 8th weeks of the experiment in all treated groups as compared with control group. However, there was nonsignificant changes in kidney weight after 2nd,4th and 8th weeks of the experiment in all treated groups as compared with control group.
Second: The effect of the drugs used on the weight of the reproductive organs of rat:
Testes, epididymis and accessory sex organs index weights of mature rats given twice with 4 weeks a part with either ivermectin (0.56 mg/kg b.w s.c),triclabendazole (35 mg/kg b.wt. oral) or both together showed significant reduction in the testes, epididymis and accessory organs index weights after the 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment in all treated groups as compared with control. Moreover, the degree of reduction in the testes, epididymis and accessory sex organs index weights was more pronounced in rats treated with ivermectin+triclabendazole than the other treatments. However, there was non significant change in these organs index weights after 2nd week from drugs administration in all treated groups as compared with control.
Third: The effect of the drugs used on the sperm characters:
The obtained results showed that there was a significant reduction in sperm cell concentration in all treated groups after 4th and 8th week of experiment as compared with control group.The degree of reduction in the sperm cell concentration was more pronounced in rats treated with ivermectin+triclabendazole than other treatments. At the 2nd week of the experiment, the concentration of sperm cell was insignificantly changed in all treated groups as compared with control group The obtained results showed that there was a significant decrease in the progressive sperm motility % in all treated groups at 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment as compared with control group. The degree of decrease in sperm motility % was more pronounced in rats treated with ivermectin and tricabendanzole (0.56 mg/kg b.wt.s/c and 35 mg/kg b.wt.orally, respectively, given twice separated by 4 weeks) than other treatments, at 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment.It was found that , at the 2nd week of the experiment, the total sperm abnormality % was insignificantly changed in all treated groups as compared with control group.
While,there was a significant increase in the total sperm abnormality in all treated groups at 4th and 8th week of the experiment compared with control group. The degree of increase in the total sperm abnormality % was more pronounced in rats treated with ivermectin pluse triclabendazole (0.56 mg/kg b.wt. s.c and 35 mg/kg b.wt.orally) than other treatments.
Fourth:Testosterone level:
The obtained results showed that there was a significant decrease in serum testosterone level in all treated groups at 2nd ,4th and 8th weeks of the experiment as compared with control group. The degree of decrease in serum testosterone level was more pronounced in rats treated with ivermectin pluse triclabendazole (0.56 mg/kg b. wt s.c and 35 mg/kg b. wt. oral, respectively, given twice separated by 30 days ,than other groups at 8th week of the experiment.
Fifth: The effect of the drugs used on the biochemical indicators: -
1 - The functions of the liver:
Liver enzyme levels of mature male rats treated by ivermectin (0.56 mg/kg b.w s.c),triclabendazole(35 mg/kg b.w oral) and ivermectin +triclaberdazole showed that the activities of ALT and ALP were significantly increased in all treated groups at the 2nd ,4th and 8th week of the experiment as compared with the control group. Total protein, albumin, globulin and total bilirubin levels of mature rats injected ivermectin (0.56 mg/kg b.w s.c ),triclabendazole (35 mg/kg b.w oral) and ivermectin+triclabendazole showed insignificant changes in their levels in all treated groups allover experimental periods as compared with control group.
2 - The function of the kidney: -
Serum urea and creatinine of mature rats treated by ivermectin (0.56 mg/kg b.w s.c),triclabendazole(35 mg/kg b.w oral)and ivermectin +triclabendazole showed that,the level of serum urea and creatinine were significantly increased in all treated groups after the 2nd ,4th and 8th week of the experiment as compared with control group,
Sixth: The histopathological effects:
Different histological changes were observed in all treatment groups as follows:
1-Group of ivermectin
Testes showed odema, congestion and incomplete spermatogenesis
Epididymis showed congested blood vessels and mild interstitial inflammatory cellular infiltration .
Prostate gland showed congested blood vessels and interstitial edema.
Seminal vesicle showed congested blood vessels and hyperplasia of the epithelial cells .
Liver showed congestion of the central veins,portal blood vessels and necrosis .
Kidney showed congestion of the renal blood vessels and intertubular capillaries and necrosis.
Spleen showed congestion, hemorrhage and lymphoid depletion of the white pulp.
2-Group of triclabendazole:
Testes showed severe congestion of testicular blood vessels odema, incomplete spermatogenesis and vacuolation and destruction.
Epididymis showed congested blood vessels and mild inflammatory cellular infiltration.
Prostate gland showed congested blood vessels and odema of interstitium.
Seminal vesicle showed vacuolar and hyDROPic degeneration and congested blood vessels .
Liver showed severe congestion of the central veins portal blood vessels and necrosis ,odema ,hemorrhages.
Kidney showed congestion of the renal blood vessels and intertubular capillaries and necrosis.
Spleen showed congestion of splenic blood vessels and lymphoid depletion of the white pulp and necrosis.
3-Group of ivermectin and triclabendazole.
Testes showed severe congested blood vessels ,odema ,incomplete spermatogenesis and vacuolation of the lining epithelium of some seminiferous tubules.
Epididymis showed congested blood vessels and mild interstitial lymphocytic infiltration.
Prostate gland showed congested blood vessels, ectasis of some glandular acini by attenuated epithelium.
Seminal vesicle showed congested blood vessels, interstitial odema ,periglandular lymphocytic cellular aggregation and papillary proliferation and focal vacuolar degeneration of lining epithelium.
Liver showed congestion of the central veins and portal blood vessels, necrosis, hyperplasia of the biliary epithelium and edema.
Kidney showed congestion of the cortical blood vessels and intertubular capillaries and necrosis.
Spleen showed lymphoid depletion of the white pulp and hemorrhages in both red and white pulp.