الفهرس 
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Abstract
Though the Arabian camel has been considered as one of the most popular domesticated animals in Arab world, little researches have been undertaken when compared to other animals especially in molecular biol-ogy. Knowing the genetic structure of a species is useful for recognizing it and improving its productive and reproductive ability that help in breeding that can be achieved by molecular biological techniques such fingerprinting using RAPD-PCR.
DNA analysis technique via RAPD-PCR was found to be more powerful in detecting genetic variation in camels. The genetic diversity and relationships amongst the dromedary population are poorly documented. So this study were designed to evaluate the genetic variation among the different species of Egyptian Camels using RAPD-PCR which is one of dominant markers that does not require any sequence information about the species.
Blood samples were collected form jugular vein of twenty five different individual camels from six subtypes belonging to three Egyptian camel types (Fellahi, Maghrabi and Mowalled) using 10 ml tubes containing EDTA as anticoagulant and transported directly as we can to lab, these samples belonging to camels from North Siena (Al-Areish). Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples using qiagen method (DNeasy blood and tissue kit). We use chemicals and reagents of high
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molecular biological grade. Then we take the resultant DNA after purification and making quantitation using GeneQuant II spectrophotometer.
Protocol of RAPD-PCR was outlined according to Swanson et al., (2006). That includes three steps: denaturation, annealing and extension repeated to 40 cycles using six arbitary short oligon- ucleotide primers G-1, G-2, GC-10, GT-10, OP-08 and C-7. RAPD-PCR technique is the same as PCR but it amplify unknown fragment of DNA and this can help to follow up the pedigree of the species, genotype identification and analyze quantitative traits.
An effort has been made to determine genetic analysis for genetic differences in the local camel breeds, which have so far been differentiated only on the basis of phenotypic appearance, geographical location or on the tribal ownership. The data collected would not only help to recognize the camels belonging to different regional herds or breeds but also in their future breeding programmes which may provide considerable boost in performance traits.
Our study depends on selection of Egyptian camels on the basis of their DNA fingerprinting and find genetic similarity between them by using RAPD-PCR method. The RAPD profile of Egyptian camels breeds were analyzed. A total of 61 bands were amplified, of which 5 (8%) were monomorphic. Also found that polymorphic without unique bands 39 (64%), unique bands 17 (28%) and polymorphic with unique bands 56
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(92%). The analysis of the electrophoretic patterns revealed a high polymorphism reach to 100% with primer: G-1, G-2, GC-10, GT-10 and 66.6% to 87.5% with primer: OP-08, C-7.
Analyzing results of dendrogram show that with primer. G-1: Fellahi and Mowalled types closer but Maghrabi and Fellahi types are very apart from each other. Primer. G-2: Maghrabi and Fellahi types are very apart from each other. Primer. GC-10: Fellahi and Mowalled types closer but Maghrabi and Fellahi types are very apart from each other. Primer. GT-10: Fellahi and Maghrabi types are very apart. Primer. OP-08: Maghrabi and Mowalled types more related than Maghrabi and Fellahi types. Primer. C-7: Fellahi , Mowalled types and Maghrabi , Fellahi types more closer than Maghrabi and Mowalled types.
Only primer. OP-08 gives a close relationship between Maghrabi and Mowalled types.
The probability of obtaining identical fingerprints was observed to be the lowest in primer GC-10 followed by OP-08, GT-10, G-2 and G-1. The primers GT-10 and OP-08 amplified a total of 17 and 16 bands respectively.
There are three types of Egyptian camels distributed all over the country. Fellahi breed which is large in size white in color, Maghrabi breed which is medium and brown in color and the last breed is Mowalled which is dark brown. Sudani breed may be found that introduced the country through south.