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Abstract
In Egypt, a lot of efforts have been done, and being made to make more and more sustainable use of the country’s limited water resources. The rapidly growing population and increasing of the water requirements in various fields especially in food demand made horizontal expansion of agriculture more urgently needed. Reusing agricultural drainage water and sewage water in irrigation is one of the most important solutions for the decision makers.
Bahr El Baqar drain system (2,049,030 m³/day discharge, 1995) in the Eastern Nile Delta has been chosen to investigate the water quality of the drainage system and the suitability for reusing of drainage water from Saada drainage block or Bahr El Baqar drainage block or South Sahl El Hussania drainage block with regarding their impact on the main drain water quality and Lake Manzala. A monitoring program has been done by the Drainage Research Institute and field measurements have been carried out. The study used the field measurements from Aug 2001 to Jul 2002. These measurements were then compared to the national and international standards (law 48 and FAO). Water quality indices either generally or specially (for specific uses) were used in order to evaluate the water quality of the drainage system. The results from the indices indicate that the microbial health hazards were the major pollution to the drain.
A mathematical model ”QUAL2EU” has been used to predict the water quality for the selected locations along the drainage system. This has been achieved by suggesting different proposals and scenarios using the seasonal collected data. The results of the suggested proposals in the model showed that reusing Saada drainage block or Bahr El Baqar drainage block or South Sahl El Hussania drainage block has no effect on the main drain water quality but it is recommended to reuse Saada drainage block or Bahr El Baqar drainage block and reusing water from South Sahi drainage block will be under certain management because of it’s high saline water.