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Abstract
Previous medical treatment for ulcerative colitis had focused on agents that either treat suppurative complications or modulate the inflammatory cascade in a non specific manner. Now, therapies that reduced epithelial cell apoptosis and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels have led to clinical and histological improvements in experimental models of colitis. Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, has been used successfully in treatment of various types of vasculitis. In addition it has anti-inflammatory properties and an inhibitory effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The main objective of this work was to address the role of pentoxifylline, as TNF-α inhibitor, in DSS-induced chronic ulcerative colitis in rat and this was based morphological(clinical), macroscopic, microscopic and genetic assessments.