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Abstract
The genetic diversity of twelve Egyptian hexaploid wheat (Gemmiza 7,
Gemmiza 9, Sids1, Giza 168, Gemmiza 10, Giza 170, Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Sakha
61, Sakha 69, Gemmiza 3 and Gemmiza 5) cultivars were investigated based on
eleven morphological characters (Plant height, flag leaf area, number of days to
flowering, number of days to maturity, length of main spike, weight of main
spike, number of spikelets / spike, number of grains / spike, weight of 1000 grain,
number of spikes /m² and grain yield / plot), peroxidase activity, seed storage
protein electrophoresis and RAPD-PCR markers and the inter cultivars
relationships were studied based on the analysis of the morphological, seed
storage protein electrophoresis and RAPD markers.
The peroxidase activity of the studied cultivars produced five bands
(Pex1,2,3,4,5), three out of them were monomorphic and the other two were
polymorphic. The SDS-PAGE analysis of water soluble proteins produced 20
bands ranging from 2.9 to 212 KDa, five out of them were common bands, while
the other 15 bands were polymorphic. The buffer soluble seed storage protein
electrophoresis produced fourteen bands ranging from 6.2 to 78.6 KDa. Six out of
them were common bands, while the other 8 bands were polymorphic.
One hundred and fifteen RAPD-PCR markers were resulted from
fingerprinting the twelve wheat cultivars under study using 11 arbitrary primers,
88 bands out of them were polymorphic and the other 27 were monomorphic.
Comparison of the dendrograms resulted from the RAPD-PCR data analysis with
those resulted from both morphological data analysis and protein data analysis, it was appeared that, all dendrograms were relatively similar.
The results of this study showed that, morphological traits, peroxdase activity, seed storage protein electrophoresis and RAPD-PCR markers have been succeeded in cultivar identification by determination of the genetic diversity of wheat genotypes under study and addressing the genetic relationships among them.