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Abstract
Molecular Studies on Salmonella Isolated from Chicks and Human
Salmonella germ is one of the main reasons for the poisoning diseases which infect humans, birds and animals. In addition to the possibility of transmission for the infection to humans through meat, poultry and animals or drinking water and also through the eggs of poultry, which gives the Salmonella microbe a great importance as one of the common diseases for human and animals. The aim of this study is to illustrate the molecular relationship for the identical Salmonella between human beings and birds. Fourty five samples from (cloaca, kidney and cecci) from chicks aged between 1-10 days and 30 samples from (stool and anal swabs) from patients suffering from diarrhea from public hospitals and fever hospitals. Traditional tests were made, which include the isolation and biochemical tests and Serology confirmation and antibiotic sensitivity. Results revealed 6 samples were positive 13.3% Salmonella sub-species Enteritidis and Salmonella sub-species Kentucky for chicks isolates, and 5 samples were positive 16.7% Salmonella sub-species Kentucky from human isolates and PCR was made to ensure the results. Thr PCR results for the Salmonella Kentucky of chicks and Salmonella Kentucky from human showed that the molecular weight of plasmids ranged between (400 and 600 pb). It is noted that samples of Salmonella Kentucky isolated from chickens and humans were more or less similar in the molecular weight. Which leads to the similarity of molecular structure of the salmonella microbe which causes infection in humans and poultry. This observation means that the source of human infection could be from poultry and vice versa. Antibiotic sensitivity test results showed that there is a difference in the sensitivity pattern for Salmonella isolated from human and chicks to antibiotics, that Salmonella Kentucky isolated from chicks showed resistance to neomycin in contrast to Salmonella isolated from human which showed sensitivity for this antibiotic. Comes the biological importance for this matter because the microbe Salmonella is transmitted between the two species of human and birds, which could lead to the development of antibiotic resistance to human. Conclusions from this study that poultry is the means for the transfer of Salmonella and when the reserves of food safety is not sufficient, there may be serious risks of outbreaks of disease Salmonella in human and the widespread use of sub therapeutic doses of antibiotics without dose treatment routinely as additives food to raise the nutrition efficiency and increase the rate weight leads to increase resistance to antibiotics and therefore the development of this resistance to both birds and human.