الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Summary and conclusion
Work is one of the elements of production such as land, capital, but it has special importance due to the human element, why he is considered one of the many activities important in the lives of most members of society.
Sohag governorate is considered one Upper Egypt, and has a population of 3746377 people, including of the rural sector 2945017 represented by 79% of the total population, the area cultivated by 300367 acres, and the total labour force estimated at about 945766 people, including the rural sector 713697 people, and the recovery of the agricultural sector and increase economic efficiency means creating more job opportunities in better conditions for agricultural labour force and a high level of welfare.
Wages have increased agricultural employment in the recent period, in addition to labour migration to the Arab states, which led to difficulty in obtaining agricultural employment under this level of pay, in addition to reduced working hours daily. Which led to the emergence of so-called deficit in agricultural employment, any decline in supply than demand, and there is a percentage of open unemployment in the agricultural force, give an indicator of the existence of surplus agricultural labor governorate.
It was therefore important to identify the problem concerning the size of agricultural employment in terms of a surplus or deficit, measured in a quantitative side of the identification of the main characteristics of the labour force in general, the agricultural labor force in particular
The matter required to obtain the basic data for this study through a questionnaire of personal random sample of farmers, using sampling method instead of the limited destruction, because sampling method is used to address the problem of access to data or information on a large number of items,or communities with large numbers the statistical observations.
To select the appropriate design of the sample needed full knowledge of methods and theories preview, where there are many different ways of conducting an inspection can be used for various statistical problems with the design work for the appropriate form, a questionnaire
Have adopted a researcher at the office of the data sources, most notably the Department of Agriculture records, and records of the Center for Information and Decision Support conservatism, records central administration of the agricultural economy and statistics, bulletins public administration of the agricultural census, the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, and Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, the books in public libraries, Many of the scientific references, literature, communications, and reports published and unpublished variousorgans that are relevant to the subject of research and study.
And marched research plan, which began as an introduction to the problem included the research and its objectives and the method of data sources, followed by four major sections, the first section of the theoretical framework for some economic concepts and research as well as public ones associated with the subject of study in the first chapter of it, and then benchmark review of the most significant studies previous scientific study on the subject and also in Chapter II.
Section II were singled out by shedding light on the current status of agricultural employment in the governorate of Sohag first chapter of it, has been included on the current status of the population and demographic characteristics, and demographic strength of the human labor, and the crop structure, and evolution of agricultural labor and distribution qualitative, and wages for agricultural and non-agricultural.
In Chapter II included description of the study sample, and the foundations of their choice, and the method of sampling the proposed use, and the characteristics possessory Farm sample, and also the impact of the use of agricultural mechanization of agricultural wage employment
The third section was included in the first chapter, the requirements of employment Meanwhile, the human family farm and leased depending on the type of employment, for the Winter and Summer cornlands of a sample search in the villages and centers selected sample, and also ensuring the needs of the animal production from agricultural employment human family and leased by type of employment, In the second chapter of the quantification of human labor element governorate of Sohag, which included elements used in the measurement, as well as measuring the volume of farm work at the level of a sample study, and at the governorate level, estimating employment inept blatant and disguised, and the work of balancing supply and demand for agricultural work humankind, at the level a sample study, and at the governorate level .
The fourth and final section of this study was singled out by examining the current situation and future scenario of the labor market agricultural governorate of Sohag in Chapter I, Chapter II has singled out the characterization economic model _ a record for the agricultural labor market, and the equations constituent, and the analytical results of the statistical estimates of the model using the method ordinary least squares (OLS), method of least squares in three stages (3SLS).
This study has shown that the population of the province of Sohag in 2006 was about 3746377 people, rural residents about 2945017 people by 78% of the total population, the preservation, and the population growth in rural than in urban areas, representing 20%, 18%, respectively, of the total population in rural and urban areas in 1996, and this shows that the rural population is the sea statute of agricultural employment, increased agricultural employment in the province are estimated to increase in 2005, about 202 thousand workers or about 42% of total agricultural employment in 1996, the study shows that the about 75% of the total labour force is the force working to preserve rural and urban unemployment rate of 13.4%, while in the countryside or 7.5%, due to the nature of agriculture to absorb surplus agricultural labor, and subsistence of the rural family in a single family, The province-wide unemployment rate of about 9%, and for the employment of permanent agricultural found it represents 49%, while temporary 51% of the total agricultural employment in 2004.
The average wage of agricultural workers has declined relative to the average wage of a worker at the regional level from about 84 % in 1996 to about 48 % in 2005, while the wage for working outside the agricultural sector from about 67 % in 1996 to about 43 % in 2005, and this leads to escape from the agriculture sector employment of low-wage sectors of other high-paid.
The study highlighted the measurement of the volume of work available, the size of the actual user, and the volume of work necessary, and finally to a surplus in agricultural employment by about 82 %, also a phenomenon inept Scud employment in the agricultural sector, employment is the first overt inept represents approximately 82 % , and this means that the manpower of farming work part-time or work period tone, and the second, disguised and inept employment rate of about 0.8 %, or no more than 1 %, which is consistent with some previous studies which ended in the absence of disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector in general, also found that the high wage agricultural workers in times of Agriculture, or the collection and harvesting of the crop, due to the increase in seasonal demand for labor, not a shortage there.
The study has also been predicting the size of the supply and demand of agricultural employment until 2010, and indicates that there would be a surplus of agricultural labor represents about 96% of the total surplus in 2005, in the light of outstanding growth, the Egyptian agricultural development strategy planned from 1997 until 2017. , and this shows a decrease in the volume of surplus agricultural
labour in the future, albeit slightly.
The study concluded that the characterization economic model _ index for the labour market to assess agricultural structural features of the relations functions components market agricultural work, which can be traced through the expected effects of the change in one of its components on the rest of the components, and the standard model used consists of three equations function of the value of agricultural production, and function the demand for agricultural labour, and function wage agricultural worker, has used ordinary least squares method, and the three stages in the estimation of the parameters of the standard model, the equations of structural formula also have found it economically acceptable and consistent with economic theory, as well as statistically acceptable because the transactions specifically to high-value , and confirmed at the level of moral statistical moral 1%, and also found that increased demand for agricultural labor to increase the value of agricultural production, and the demand for agricultural labor which is ranked first in terms of importance in influencing the value of agricultural production increased, and increased production value agricultural lead to increased demand for agricultural employment, and the value of agricultural production comes first in importance in influencing the demand for agricultural labour, the wage increase exceeded Group of agricultural technological level, and technological level which is ranked first in terms of importance in influencing Group of agricultural wage.
Therefore, the study recommends increasing agricultural expansion and increase horizontal farmland to create new jobs to absorb surplus agricultural labour to maintain and increase agricultural production, and work to increase the value of the rise in the prices of agricultural produce, raising the technological level and technical, with the use of agricultural mechanization and creating cadres of skilled and trained within the agricultural sector ,to be a high wage agricultural worker,H commensurate with his work, and to guarantee a better standard of living leads to continuity and stability, in addition to the group is required to other non-agricultural sectors, which contribute to job creation, lead to a decline in the surplus agricultural labour Hence ebbed in the future, or at least narrow the gap between what is available from agricultural employment, the actual user.