الفهرس 
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Abstract
The use of algal bonds for wastewater treatment offer an alternative approach, cheap, easy to operate and as effective as the conventional methods. These ponds are the most common biological treatment systems worldwide.
Aphanocapsa sp. and Phormidium sp. were used to study their performance in wastewater treatment as examples of the cyanobacterial genera.
Due to the growth and the photosynthetic activities of the cyanobacterial cells in wastewater, which led to increasing the pH levels to reach 9.2 and 10 in both Phormidium and Aphanocapsa reactors, respectively. As coliform bacteria can’t survive in pH more than 9.2, they were eliminated from the cyanobacterial reactors by 99.9 and 99.8 % removal efficiency in both Phormidium and Aphanocapsa reactors, respectively.
Aphanocapsa sp. achieved 88.7, 97.7, 89.2 and 75.3 % removal efficiency of phosphorus, ammonia, BOD and COD, respectively. High level of protein content was gained after the treatment period to record 60.7 %. Aphanocapsa, also reduced iron content to 100 % reduction and removed about 45.58 % of Ni.
Wastewater affected the Aphanocapsa ultrastructure, which : caused a decrease in glycogen granules inside the cell and changes in thylakoids arrangements, also caused a deformity in the cell wall appearance.
Phormidium sp. achieved 89.4, 100, 91 and 72.4 % removal efficiency of phosphorus, ammonia,.BOD and COD, respectively. High
level of protein content was gained after the treatment period to record 79 %.
Phormidium, also reduced iron content to 100 % reduction and removed about 77.7 and 63.63 % of both Mn and Zn, respectively.
Wastewater did not affect dramatically the Phormidium ultrastructure and caused a change in the cell dimensions by shrinking.
This biological system have potential applications for developing countries to improve water quality to acceptable standards. In addition, they offer a source of protein-rich biomass which can be used as fodder