الفهرس 
Arabic Summary
SURGICAL ANATOMYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study had been based on healthy (normal) and diseased paranasal sinuses of donkeys (26 clinical cases)and included: The anatomical study was conducted on 20heads, the heads were obtained from donkeys of both sexes of variable ages and weights and were athunatized for reasons other than upper airway disorders.
After the soft tissue and lower jaw had been removed, ten skulls were transversely sectioned by electric saw. These sections were made between the first and second molar (5 specimens) and between the second and third molar (5 specimens).
In the remainder of specimens, the external plate of bone covering the frontal and maxillary sinuses had been removed and the interasinusal structures were dissected.
This study was conducted on the nasal sinuses neighbor in donkeys.
1 - anatomical study :
This study was conducted on 20 donkey head after culled for this purpose has been removed skin and muscle of business has been cut accidental in the head between the molar IV and V , as well as between the molar fifth and sixth using a chainsaw electric also been lifted greatness that covers the frontal sinus and sinus Alpedah .
2 - X-ray study :
This study was conducted on 30 healthy donkey head divided into 3 groups, each of which includes 10 warheads as follows :
A - Mahmuah the first
Disarmament Mnhaa the lower jaw , and cut into halves lengthwise .
B - Group B:
Removal of the lower jaw .
A third group
Left where Dickey is complete without any cut .
- This was filmed X-ray three groups in four different modes to see Avdalha to be used in the diagnosis of disease states.
- Enable imaging of these three groups after being injected with barium sulfate concentration of 30 % in the lateral and vertical mode .
3 - study using the endoscope :
Used in this part of the study, the number of 10 jumpers heads the pockets neighbor nasal sound so as to determine the best entrance to use the telescope in the examination.
Were examined nasal sinuses neighbor to these donkeys using the telescope and see its internal structure .
This part included examination of the nasal sinuses neighbor in five donkeys alive after calming give Alcolmblin ensuing local anesthesia in place of the introduction of the telescope.
* Surgical treatment :
Cases were treated by surgical means in the following ways :
1 - way Alterbna .
2 - Khvv the pockets Fiqima the work of the leaf in the skin and bone of the upper jaw and the two joined together.
3 - In some cases, the work leaves the skin first, so as to detect bone then follows the work of leaf in the bone.
4 - frontal sinus revealed and pockets Fiqima the work leaves large bone in the front and the adjacent part of the nasal bone .
* Results of the study may be explained as follows :
1 - The nasal sinuses neighbor in the donkeys are all connected to each other which is connected بالتجويف nasal one slot .
2 - does not have a clear break skeleton pocket completely separates the anterior - posterior Alpeda in donkeys , but there is a small bony protrusion and be signed soon midway through the second half .
3 - using the endoscope examination must be done through two entrances for each side of the head, one of them found in Ttaazma that covers the frontal sinus and the other in the greatness covering pocket Alpedy .
* Therapy has yielded results on the following :
- 17 converged satisfactory condition recovering from the disease during the period ranging from one month to 3 months.
- Case 3 has culled because of excessive bleeding during the operation.
- Case 5,7,9 symptoms not Takhtvfa completely after surgery.