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Abstract
Summary:-The present study was conducted in two experiments
Experiment I: was conducted to study the effects of substituting corn by 5 or 10% dried tomato pomace with and without multienzymes supplementation.
Experiment II: was conducted to study the effects of substituting corn by 10 or 20% dried kitchen wastes with and without L-carnitine supplementation. Both experiments were conducted to study their effects on:
(1) Growth performance of broiler chickens (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. (2) Carcass quality traits. (3) Some serum analysis as cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin. (3) Immune response of broiler chicken. (4) Economic efficiency.
Experiment (I)
A total of 75 broiler chicks were used in this study and were allotted into five groups (15 birds/ group) with 3 replicates of 5 birds in each, they were fed on isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets and the feed and water were provided ad-libitum along the duration of the trial. The 1st experiment extended for 6 weeks and the feeding period was divided into 2 stages:
1) Starter stage: from 0-21day in which the birds were fed on diet contained CP 23.1% and ME 3024 kcal/kg diet.
2) Grower-finisher stage: from 22-42 day in which the bird fed diet contained CP 19.2% and ME 3200 kcal/kg diet.
The experimental design was as the following in different groups:
Group 1: Fed on basal control diet without any substitution.
Group 2: Fed on a diet contained 5% dried tomato pomace with multienzymes.
Group 3: Fed on a diet contained 5% dried tomato pomace without multienzymes.
Group 4: Fed on a diet contained 10% dried tomato pomace with multienzymes.
Group 5: Fed on a diet contained 10% dried tomato pomace without multienzymes.
At end of the experiment 3 birds/treatment were slaughtered and blood samples were collected into clean centrifuge tube without anticoagulant for determination (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and HA and HI). About 1 ml of blood samples were collected from each bird on clean centrifuge tube containing anticoagulant (EDTA) and used for determination of total and differential leukocytic count.
Haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) (Humoral immunity) were performed.
At the end of the experiment period (42 days), three birds from each group were selected for studying carcass traits (estimating dressing % and % weight of digestive tracts, liver, heart, spleen and abdominal fat).
The obtained results revealed that:-
1) Growth performance:
Body weight:
Substitution of corn by 5 and 10% DTP had significant increase in average body weight all over the experiment period. However the groups fed diet contained DTP with enzymes showed better live body weight than that fed diet contained DTP without enzymes.
Body weight gain:
Substitution of corn by 5 and 10% DTP had significant increase in average body weight gain all over the experiment period. However the groups fed diet contained DTP with enzymes showed better body weight gain than that fed diet contained DTP without enzymes.
Feed intake: there was no significant difference in average feed intake between control group and the birds fed diet contained 5% and 10% DTP with enzymes while feed intake was significantly increased in the groups fed diet contained 5% and10% DTP without enzymes.
Feed conversion ratio: there was significant decrease in feed conversion between control group and the birds fed diet contained 5% and 10% DTP with enzymes while there was no significance difference between control group and the birds fed diet contained DTP 5% and10% DTP without enzymes at the end of the experiment period.
2) Clinicopathological and immunological examination:
2-1) Clinicopathological measuring of some serum parameters:
There was significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL levels in groups supplemented with DTP.
Serum glucose level not significantly influenced by the addition of DTP to the diet.
There was significant increase in total protein groups fed diet contained 10% DTP with and without enzymes while there was no significant difference in total protein between control and groups fed diet contained 5% DTP with and without enzymes.
Serum albumin, globulin and albumin: globulin ratio showed no significant difference between control group and other groups.
2-2) Immunological studies of the blood
2-2-1) Humoral immunity:
The obtained results revealed no significant difference in GM of NDHI antibody titers between control group and other groups.
2-2-2) Total and differential leukocytic count:
There was significant decrease in total leukocytic and lymphocytic count between control group and groups fed diet contained 5%, 10% DTP with enzymes and 5% DTP without enzymes while there was no significant difference only between control group and the group fed diet contained 10% DTP without enzymes.
3) Carcass traits:
The results of the present study revealed no significant difference in dressing%, weight % of intestine, gizzard, proventiculus, liver, heart, spleen and bursa of fabricious between control group and other groups while abdominal fat % was significantly decreased in groups supplemented with DTP.
(4) Economic importance of dried tomato pomace inclusion:-
Inclusion of dried tomato pomace led to significant increase in total return, net profit, Performance index % and economic efficiency in comparison with control group. While inclusion of dried tomato pomace led to significant decrease in feed cost / kg gain in comparison with control group.
Experiment (II)
A total of 75 broiler chicks were used in this study and were allotted into five groups (15 birds/ group) with 3 replicates of 5 birds in each, they were fed on isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets and the feed and water were provided ad-libitum along the duration of the trial. The 2nd experiment extended for 6 weeks and the feeding period was divided into 2 stages:
1) Starter stage: from 0-21day in which the birds were fed on diet containing CP 23.1% and ME 3024 kcal/kg diet.
2) Grower-finisher stage: from 22-42 day in which the bird fed diet containing CP 19.2% and ME 3200 kcal/kg diet.
The experimental design was as the following in different groups:
Group 1: Fed on basl control diet without any substitution
Group 2: Fed on a diet containing 10% dried kitchen wastes with L-carnitine.
Group 3: Fed on a diet containing 10% dried kitchen wastes without L-carnitine.
Group 4: Fed on a diet containing 20% dried kitchen wastes with L-carnitine.
Group 5: Fed on a diet containing 20% dried kitchen wastes without L-carnitine.
All steps as mentioned in the 1st experiment.
The obtained results revealed that:
1) Growth performance:
Body weight:
Substitution of corn by 10 and 20% DKW had significant increase in average body weight groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW with L- carnitine and 20% DKW without L- carnitine while there was no significant difference only in group fed diet contained 10% DKW without L- carnitine at the end of the experiment period. The results also revealed that groups fed diet contained DKW with L-carnitine showed better body weight than that fed diet contained DKW without L-carnitine.
Body weight gain:
Substitution of corn by 10 and 20% DKW had significant increase in average body weight gain all over the experiment period. The results also revealed that groups fed diet contained DKW with L-carnitine showed better body weight gain than that fed diet contained DKW without L-carnitine.
Feed intake: insignificant increase in average feed intake in groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW with L- carnitine and 10% DKW without L- carnitine while there was significance increase in feed intake only in group fed diet contained DKW 20% without L- carnitine at the end of the experiment period.
Feed conversion ratio: there was significant decrease in feed conversion all over the experiment period. The results also revealed that groups fed diet contained DKW with L-carnitine showed lower feed conversion than that fed diet contained DKW without L-carnitine.
2) Clinicopathological and immunological examination:
2-1) Clinicopathological measuring of some serum parameters:
There were significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides levels in groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW with L- carnitine while there was significant increase in groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW without L- carnitine.There was no significant difference in HDL levels between control group and other groups. The result revealed significant decrease in LDL levels in groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW with L- carnitine while there was no significant difference in groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW without L- carnitine.
Serum glucose level not significantly influenced by the addition of DKW to the diet.
Serum total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin: globulin ratio showed no significant difference between control group and other groups.
2-2) Immunological studies of the blood
2-2-1) Humoral immunity:
There was no significant difference in GM of NDHI antibody titers between control group and other groups.
2-2-2) Total and differential leukocytic count:
There was significant decrease in total leukocytic and lymphocytic count between control group and groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW with L- carnitine and 10% DKW without L- carnitine while there was no significant difference between control group and group fed diet contained DKW 20% without L- carnitine.
3) Carcass traits: there was no significant difference in dressing percent, giblet% and edible parts between control group and other groups.
GIT%: the obtained results revealed significant decrease in weight of intestine in diet supplemented with L- carnitine.
Abdominal fat %:- There was significant decrease in abdominal fat% in groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW with L- carnitine while there was no significant difference in groups fed diet contained 10%, 20% DKW without L- carnitine.
(4) Economic importance of dried tomato pomace inclusion:-
Inclusion of dried kitchen wastes led to significant increase in total return, net profit, Performance index % and economic efficiency in comparison with control group. While inclusion of dried kitchen wastes led to significant decrease in feed cost / kg gain in comparison with control group.