الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study included two groups (laboratory and filed experiments)
1- Laboratory experiment:
This study was carried out during the growth seasons of 2005 and 2006 of garlic cloves cv. S. 40 at the lab. Exp. Of Hort. Dept. Mallawy, Agri. Res. Station, Hort., Res. Institute. Four chemical treatments were used through this trial (i.e. ASA as antioxidant, G.T and G.E as plant sources of antioxidant, and D.Y as natural sources of many growth substances).These treatments were prepared and used as garlic cloves seed soaking at three levels (100 ppm, 300 ppm and 500 ppm) for 24h and 48h soaking period. The time of application was 1st of September and the 1st of October. Then the soaked cloves from each treatment were rinsed into Petri dishes (10 cloves/Petri dish), three replicate/treatment and all treatment were arranged in a randomized complete design. All Petri dishes were incubated at 250C, and 16 hr photoperiod. After 15 and 30 days from the incubation period the obtained results are summarized as follows:
1-Number of roots / clove
Data revealed that the time of application and soaking period play role for the Number of roots / clove. At the1st September the control treatments (tap water) recorded highest value compared to the other treatments from garlic clove seed soaking at 24h in both season after 15 and 30 days from sowing. But after 48 h from soaking G.E, and G.T at 100 ppm gave the highest value. At the second time (1st October) G.E, at 100 ppm gave the highest values at 24h and 48h soaking period after 15 and 30 days from sowing (incubation period) in both season.
2-Root length (cm)
The obtained data showed that the time of application and the period of garlic cloves seed soaking play role in root length (cm). The first application at 1st of September. The control treatment (tap water) gave the highest value at 24 h soaking period in both seasons after 15 and 30 days from sowing (incubation period). The control treatment (tap water) showed the highest value of the root length (cm) at the first time from garlic cloves seed soaking at 24 h in both seasons. After 48 h from soaking results revealed that G.T at 100 ppm gave the highest root length (cm) in both seasons. The second application (1st of October), control treatment and G.E show the highest values in both seasons after 24 h and 48 h soaking period after 15 and 30 days from sowing (incubation period).
3-Shoot length (cm)
The obtained data showed that the time of application and the period of garlic cloves seed soaking play role in shoot length (cm). The obtained results clearly showed that no symptoms of shoot growth were observed at the first time (1st of September) with all studied treatments when soaked for24h and 48h soaking period after 15 from sowing (incubation period). But after 30 days sowing, G.E at 100 ppm enhanced the shoot length (cm) in both seasons. At the second time 1st October the control treatment in both seasons after24h soaking period gave the highest values after 15 days and 30 days from sowing. But after 48h soaking period G.E. at 100 ppm in both seasons after 15 days and 30 days from (incubation period) followed by D.Y at 100 ppm and G.T at 300 ppm
Field experiment:
The field experiment were carried out in the two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 to study the effect of some plant sources of antioxidant on production of garlic. The experiment was conducted at two locations. The first location at the Experimental Farm and Research Center (Shousha village), the soil is new reclaimed and the second at Horticulture Department, Mallawy Agric. Res. Station the soil is clay. the different treatments, (G.E, G.T, D.Y and ASA) These treatments were applied by soaking garlic cloves for 48h soaking period and planted in C.R.D with3 replications.
The results of these investigations can be summarized as follow:
-a- Germination%.
a-1- Germination % after 15 days from planting.
Under new reclaimed sandy soil condition control treatment recorded the highest value compared to the other treatments. While, under clay soil conditions the best treatment was recorded with G.E, at 100 ppm.
a-2- Germination % after 30 days from planting.
The treatments of G.T and G.E at 300 ppm recorded the highest value compared to the control treatment under new reclaimed sandy soil and clay soil conditions respectively.
b - Vegetative growth characters.
b- 1- At harvest time.
b- 1- 1-Plant height (cm).
Significant differences were observed among the treatments in thes character. The lowest concentration of G.E, 100 ppm showed an increase in the plant height, cm under new reclaimed sandy soil. While under the clay soil conditions indicated ASA at 100 ppm, recorded the highest values. But ASA and G.T at 300 ppm gave the lowest value under new reclaimed sandy soil and clay soil condition respectively.
b- 1- 2-Fresh weight of whole plant (g).
Garlic extract (G.E) at 100ppm recorded the highest values under new reclaimed sandy soil and clay soil conditions compared to the control treatment. While using D.Y, 300ppm and ASA at 500ppm gave the lowest value under new reclaimed sandy soil and clay soil condition respectively.
b- 1- 3-Bulb head weight / plant (g).
The obtained results showed that the significant differences between average values bulb head weight/plant (g) were significant. The low, concentration of G.E 100ppm under new reclaimed sandy soil and 300ppm of D.Y, under clay soil condition gave the best significant increase values. On the other hand G.T at 500 ppm recoded the lowest value under clay soil condition.
b- 1- 4-Bulb diameter (mm).
Data illustrated on this character declared significant differences. The results showed that G.E at 100ppm gave the highest significant increase in bulb diameter (mm) under new reclaimed sandy soil condition. But under clay soil condition D.Y, 100ppm recorded the highest value. While, the highest concentration of ASA (500ppm or 300ppm) showed the lowest values.
b- 1- 5-Fresh total yield (ton/fed.)
Data indicated that the low concentration of G. E, 100 ppm gave the best value compared to the other treatments and control under the two types of the soil. On the other hand the lowest values for garlic fresh total yield (ton/fed) was recorded with D.Y, 300 ppm under new reclaimed sandy soil and with ASA, 500 ppm under clay soil condition.
b -2- After curing
b- 2- 1-Cured weight of whole plant (g).
Data revealed that the highest value was obtained with ASA treatment at 100ppm, compared to the control treatment, under new reclaimed sandy soil condition. But G.E, 300ppm recorded the highest values, in clay soil. While G,T at 100ppm gave the lowest values under the two types of the soil.
b- 2- 2-Bulb head weight / plant (g).
Data presented indicate that the lowest concentration (100ppm) from G.E and ASA gave the highest value with insignificant differences between them under new reclaimed sandy soil condition. But D.Y 100ppm and also, ASA 100ppm showed the highest values under clay soil condition.
b- 2- 3-Bulb diameter (mm).
Data revealed that the lowest concentration of G.E, 100ppm gave the highest bulb diameter (mm) after curing under both types of the soil. Also, under clay soil condition the D.Y (100ppm) showed the best values.
b- 2- 4-Clove weight / bulb (g).
Data indicated that the lowest concentration (100ppm) of ASA gave the best values for the clove weight (g)/bulb under new reclaimed sandy soil condition. While under clay soil condition D.Y, 300ppm and gave the best value. But D.Y, at 100ppm and ASA at 500 ppm recorded the lowest value under new reclaimed sandy soil and clay soil condition.
b- 2- 5-Bulb T.S.S
The results showed that the ASA at 300 and 500ppm was more effective under new reclaimed sandy soil clay soil condition respectively. Also, G.E, at 100ppm and 500 ppm gave the lowest value under new reclaimed sandy soil clay soil condition respectively.
b- 2- 6-Cured total yield (ton/fed.)
Results on this character showed that D.Y, 500 ppm under new reclaimed sandy soil and D.Y, 300 ppm under clay soil condition gave the highest total yield. But G.T 100 ppm gave the lowest value under new reclaimed sandy soil. Also, G.T, 500 ppm and ASA, 500 ppm recorded the lowest yield under clay soil condition.
b- 2- 7-Weight loss% after curing
Data showed that ASA, 100 ppm and G.T, 300 ppm under new reclaimed sandy soil condition gave the best value. While under clay soil ASA, 500 ppm recorded the best value.
c - Storage period
c- 1-Weight loss% after one month of storage
Data showed that significant differences among the treatments in weight loss after one month from the beginning of the storage. The lowest significant decrease for weight loss after one month was recorded with ASA at the three levels under new reclaimed sandy soil condition. While, under clay soil condition D.Y, 100 ppm gave the best value.
c- 2-Weight loss% after 3 months of storage
Data clearly that D.Y, 500 ppm; G.T, 300 ppm gave the highest decreasing in weight loss % after 3 months under new reclaimed sandy soil condition. On the other hand under clay soil condition D.Y, 100 ppm; G.T, 500 ppm and ASA, 100 ppm recorded the highest decreasing in weight loss % with insignificant differences among them.
c- 3-Weight loss% after 5 months of storage
The results showed that ASA, 100 ppm and G.T, 300 ppm gave the lowest decrease in weight loss% under new reclaimed sandy soil condition. But under clay soil the best value for weight loss % was recorded with ASA at 500 ppm followed by control treatment.
c- 4-Weight loss% after 7 months of storage
The obtained results showed that the significant differences among the studied treatments for weight loss % after 7 months of storage. The lowest significant decrease for weight loss % after seven months of storage was decrease with ASA under new reclaimed sandy soil condition and clay soil condition.
c- 5-Weight loss% after 8 months of storage
The data clearly show that the highest values of weight loss % were obtained by D.Y, 500 ppm. But G.E, 100 ppm recorded the highest weight loss% (23.59%) under clay soil condition and these differences were high significant. While, ASA at 100ppm and 300ppm gave the lowest weight loss % under new reclaimed sandy soil and clay soil condition respectively.