الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 200 |  |  |
| | | from | 200 | | |
Abstract
The present investigation is concerned with the functional
morphology of the feeding system of the Falco tinnunculus and is
performed through the studying of the following points:
I- General morphology of the tongue
A full description of the morphology of the tongue of Falco
tinnunculus is given, and from the functional point of view, the
following parts are described.
1- Free portion of the tongue, which is voluminous and has fissured
anteriorly. While posteriorly, it becomes wider” lingual wing” bears 3-4
rows of lingual papillae. The free portion posses a longitudinal sulcus
along its mid-dorsal line. Ventrally, the anterior third of the free portion
is covered by a tough and dark lingual nail.
2- The laryngeal area is shorter and wider than that of the free portion
of the tongue. The laryngeal area is divided into: a- the preglottal area
and b- the laryngeal mound.
3- The floor of the mouth is connected with the free portion of the
tongue through a wrinkled skin fold named the frenulum which lies
beneath the posterior end of the free portion.II- the lingual epithelium
A full description of the structure of the lingual covering
epithelia, which covers the free portion of the tongue, the preglottal
area and the laryngeal mound, as well as the floor of the mouth, was
studied by using different techniques, as gross anatomy, EM, and
histology:
A- The dorsal epithelium of the free portion of the tongue is
characterized by:
1) Presence of well-developed epithelium with high thickness.
2) The dorsal surface of the anterior-third of the free portion of
the tongue is covered with desquamate parakeratinized
epithelium and gives rise to filiform papillae that carrying
microridges.
3) High power of adhesion between mucosa and submucosa
due to the presence of well developed mucoso-submucosal
interdigitations.
B- The ventral epithelium of the free portion of the tongue is
characterized by:
1) Less developed epithelium relative to the dorsal one.2) The ventral epithelium covering the free portion of the tongue
is highly keratinized stratified epithelium forming the
differentiated lingual nail.
3) The ventral epithelium of the antero-third of the free portion of
the tongue is characterized by the disappearance of the
dermal papillae.
4) The epithelium covers the free portion of the tongue, just
posterior to the lingual nail becomes non-keratinized
epithelium with the appearance of mucoso-submucosal
junctions.
C- The preglottal area is non-keratinized epithelium and the
appearance of short and few dermal papillae.
D- The laryngeal mound is covered dorsally by non-keratinized
squamous epithelium that has a short mucoso-submucosal junction.
E- The epithelium covering the floor of the mouth is non-keratinized
stratified squamous epithelium at the region of the connection with the
laryngeal mound, the epithelium becomes transitional type.
F-The salivary glands of the common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus, were
studied as a derivative of the lingual epithelium and are classified
according to their location according to the following system:1. Paired salivary glands:
Includes; Glandula Lingualis, Glandula Mandibularis and Glandula
Anguli oris.
2. Unpaired salivary glands:
Includes; Glandula preglottalis and Glandula sublingualis.
III) The lingual muscles:
• The lingual muscles of the common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus can
be classified into:
1-Gular muscles:
The gular muscles of the common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
includes; muscle Mylohyoideus (Mmh), muscle Serpihyoideus (Msh),
muscle Constrictor colli intermandibularis (Mcci), and muscle
Constrictor colli cervicalis (Mccv).
2- Extrinsic lingual muscles:
The extrinsic lingual muscles of Falco tinnunculus includes;
muscle Branchiomandibularis (Mbm), muscle Genioglossus (Mgg),
muscle Ceratohyoideus (Mch), muscle Stylohyoideus (Mst), muscle
Cricohyoideus ventralis (Mcrv), and muscle Cricohyoideus dorsalis
(Mcrd).3-Intrinsic lingual muscles:
The intrinsic lingual muscles of Falco tinnunuculus includes;
muscle Ceratoglossus (Mcg), muscle Hypoglossus anterior (Mhga),
and muscle Hypoglossus obliquus (Mhgo).
4- Extrinsic laryngeal muscles:
The extrinsic laryngeal muscles of Falco tinnunuculus includes;
muscle Tracheolateralis (Mtl), muscle Sternotrachealis (Mstt), and
muscle Cleidotrachealis (Mclt).
• The lingual muscles of the common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus can
be classified according their action into:
1-protractor muscles:
Includes; the branchiomandibularis muscle and the genioglossus
muscle.
2- Retractor muscles:
Includes; the muscle stylohyoideus, cricohyoideus ventralis muscle
and cricohyoideus dorsalis muscle.
3- Depressor muscles:
Includes; the muscle ceratoglossus and the muscle hypoglossus
anterior bending the tip of free portion of the tongue.4- Elevator muscles:
Includes; the muscle hypoglossus obliquus.