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Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy is an issue that plagues women’s health, and is a significant cause of maternal mortality.
A clear understanding of the contributing factors responsible
for E.P. and of effective modern methods for their earlier diagnosis is essential.
There are so many etiological factors of ectopic pregnancy mechanical factors as tubal stenosis due to P.I.D caused by chlamydia and other variable organism, Peritubal adhesions and previously induced abortion.
Functional factors as external migration of the ovum, hormonal changes and new advents of ART (IVF, GIFT,
and ZIFT), endometriosis,also failed contraception was found to be an important cause of ectopic pregnancy.
Secondly, there has been a major break through in the various investigatory methods used in the diagnosis of
ectopic pregnancy that include; more sensitive beta subunit human chorionic gonadotrophin assays, ultrasonographic machines with higher resolution as well
as the introduction of the transvaginal ultrasonic approach.
New techniques and diagnostic modalities in pelvic and vaginal U/S recently have excellent results in the
diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy using vaginal color and pulsed Doppler U/S and so the need for invasive tests
such as endometrial curettage and Culdocentesis has decreased dramatically, while laparoscopy remains the standard, the best invasive procedure for diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy.