الفهرس 
الباب الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
A Study of Variables Affecting Farmers Using a New
Agricultural Mechanization in Qualyoubia
Governorate
By
LAlLA MOHAMED DESOUKY EL-HABBAA
SUMMARY
Egyptian agriculture witnessed lately deep changes and a wide
development as a result of the raising demand on its products
whether for domestic market or exportation. While Egypt was selfsufficient
regarding most food demand, at the beginning of the 80.5
Egypt faced unprecedented food gap that grew wider because of
over population, changing consumption style and the migration of
agricultural hand labor to the Arab countries, which was
accompanied by a high raise in the agricultural processes prices.
These reasons dictated that all possible ways to be followed to raise
the agricultural productivity through vertical or horizontal expansion
or both and mobilize the Egyptian agriculture from the traditional
style to the more modernized one through developmental programs.
One of the main programs in this concern was Agricultural
mechanization which means per forming Agricultural processes by
means of mechanical devises that depend on mechanical po~er in
operation to produce agricultural products. Machinery stations (MS)
are considered central bases in all governorates responsible for
diffusing the technology of agricultural mechanization to meet the .
surrounding area needs.
Agricultural Extension have a vital and important role in this
field to playas being capable of reaching early adopters of farmers,
and identify the proper Agricultural Machinery (AM) needed.
Another role is to disseminate AMS. Recommendations among
farmers through demanetratons extension meetings and technical
bulletins, as well as feeding back farmers problems when using such
machinery . Typical use of AM diffusion needs to focus on general
and speafied extension program’s that centered around target
audience needs and concerns. Such diffusion encounters many
barriers that can be classified from the extension point of view to:
problems that can be solved through education directly farmers lack
of information about the ideal use of machines and the low
educational and training levels of farmers of using machines. In
addition, several MSs do not achieve their target annual plans as their
machinery are under-used. Hence, this study was conducted to
identify the variables affecting farmers use of modem AM in
Qualubia governorate in the villages that their MSs achieved the
targeted plan, and the villages that their MSs did not achieve the plan
through identifying the level of farmers use of modem AM in the
two study areas, determine the variables affections AM usage and its
contribution in explaining the variance of that usage, identify the
barriers facing farmers in using AM, and identify their suggestions
to overcome these barriers and what extension services can
inherence the correct usage of AM .
The study objectives were:
1- Identify the level of farmer’s usage of modem AM in each of:
a- The villages that their MS achieved there target plan.
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b- The villages that their MS did not achieve their target plan .
2- Define the differences between farmers usage of AM in the two
study areas.
3- Determine the relationship between the degree of farmers usage
of modem AM in both target areas, and each of the independent
personal, social, communicational and situational variables.
4- Define the contribution ratio of some independent variables
significantly correlated to formers usage of modem AM, in
explaining the variance in that usage in both study areas.
5- Identify the barriers facing farmers in nisus AM in both study
areas.
6- Identify farmers suggestions to solve their problems of using AM
in both study areas.
7- Identify extension services delivered by extension system in the
field of using modem AM.
The study took place in two villages in Qualubia governorate.
Two systematic random samples were drown, the first rated to 64
fanners of Omaha village as its MS did not achieve its targeted plan
. Data were collected in the last three months of 1998 by
interviewing respondents using a pre-tested questionnaire. Pearson’s
simple correlation coefficient, step wise, 2 test, percentages, means
and standard deviation were used to analyze data statistically.
II- main study results can be summarized as.
1-The level offarmers usage of AM in both the study villages were
relatively tow. The usage level in the non achieving” plan Ms
village was even lower than the achieved plan AS village as it
rated to 32.81%and 40.690.4 respectively.
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2- Significant differences were detected between farmers usage
degree of modern AM: both the study areas.
3- The degree of formers usage of modern AM in both the study
areas was correlated positively and significantly at 0.01 and 0.05
with each of the Rollowing variables. In the village that its MS
achieved the plan, Field crops land size participation degree of
formal organizations, fruit land size, attitnte degree towards
modern AM, the holding degree of farm work animal, the degree
of exposure to some mass media sources, and the degree
cosmopolitans . Step Wise results revealed that field crops land
size and the degree of participation in formal organizations
contributed signi Ricanlly in explaining the total vavieuce of the
degree of formers usage of modem AM, as they contributed by
39% and 6.6% of the total variance sequentially in a total of
45.9% in the other village, fruit land size and the degree of
fanners attitude towards modem AM contributed significantly in
explaining the total variance in the degree of fanners usage of
modern AM as they contributed by 20.3% and 4.9% in explaining
the total variance sequentially .
4- The results revealed that there were ten reasons behind the underusage
of Am by farmers in each of the study areas .
In the village that its MS achieved the plan, the reasons were:
the small landholding size (85.9010), availability of hand labor
(70.3%), high costs of AM use (42.2%), low experience with AM
(39.1%), having traditional tools (34.4%) having work animals
(29.7%), urn satisfaction of the available AM (26.6), urn availability
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of the required of AM in the area (20.3%), urn availability of AM in
the MS (14.1%) and unworkable condition of AM in the MS (6.3%).
In the village that did not achieve the plan of the MS, the
reasons were: high costs of AM usage (75.6%), um availability of
AM in the MS (67.40/0),small landholding size (62.80/0),availability
of handlebar in the area (45.40/0),under experience with AM (37.2%)
unworkable condition of AM in the MS (27.9%), urn availability of
AM in the area (25.6%), urn satisfaction of the AM (25.6%), having
traditional tools (20.9%) and having work animal (15.6%).
5- There were 6 extension services being delivered in the villages
that its MS achieved the plan mentioned ranging between 51.6%
and 20.3% . The main three were: helping specialized meetings
about AM, distribnliug bulletins and magazines of He AM, and
teaching farmers how to use AM .
In the other village , extension services were rather poor as
farmer mentioned it kinds of services delivered ranging between
25.5% and 5.8% . in which teaching farmers how to use AM came
first followed by making farmers aware about using AM for the
existing crop .
6- Five barriers were detected limiting AM diffusion in the villages
that its MS achieved the target plan. The main three were:
landholding fragmentation (81.3%) AM do not watch work
animals (53.1%), and unsuitable roads for AM (46.9010). In the
other village there were also 6 reasons in which the high costs of
AM come first (90.7%), followed by in sufficient AM number
(74.4%) and landholding fragmentation (73.3%) .
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7- Farmers proposed 20 suggestion regarding AM usage in the
village that its MS achieved the plan in which road maintenance
come firs (68.8%) . In the other village 15 suggestions were
mentioned by farmers ranging between 19.90/0 and 17.4% In
which reducing AM usage costs ranked first.
Applicable recommendations of this study can be summarized
as follows:
1-The planners and executives of the central Administration of
Extension and Environment (CAEE) shoed take into
consideration making farmers aware about all modem AMs and
the related in formation about its usage.
2- Pubic extension should have a clear role in diffusing modern AM
specially those Hat still need to be diffused and convince farmers
about their use .
3- Planners and executives of the CAEE should be aware of the
variables revealed by the study and affecting AM usage whether
positivily or nigativily .
4- Future studies should take advantage of studying the variables
that this study did not handled and can explain the variance in
farmers usage of AM in the study area and the like.
5- It is recommended that extension meetings and distributing
bulletins and magazines to be followed by extension as they
appeared to enhance farmer usage of modem AM .
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