الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
UIVINIARY
The agricultural Labor force is the most important factor in the agricultural sector components, and the labor market has special properties different from other services and commodities it expresses a strong Reaction between Demand and supply forces. And its effect on lab
- The Research problem Results from lack of knowledge Related to the Development and changes in the preparation of wages allocated to the agraricultural labor , in addition to the volume of unemployment in the light of Economic , political and Social changes confronting the National Economy after implementation of the Economic liberalization policies and the inconsistent studies attributed to the agricultural labour market characterization on the sector and national levels (Kaliobya Governorate) .
The study aims at :
Characterizing the status quo of the labour on both sector and national levels (Kaliobya Governorate) in the light of the Economic liberalization policies through the study of the agraricultural labour Volume , Wages , Demand .
Summary
-Assessment of the unemployment volume on Both of Sector and National levels into the agricultural sector (Kalubiya Governorate)
-Recognizing the Labor market effect on the Economic reform policies during the study period.
Muserment of disequilibrium in labor distribution into the lab our market during the study period.
To achieve this objective the study has depended on estimate the marginal productivity of agricultural labor.
-The study depended on both of descriptive Economic analysis and satirical analysis concerning the variables related to the study.
-The study depended on Data published by the Governmental authorities as CAPMAS, central administration for agricultural Economy (ministry of agriculture) and the population census.
-The study included 4 chapters
(1)Includes the theoretical framework and the referential review and divided into two parts (1) the Research concepts. (2) the referential review of studies and researches concerning the agricultural labor in Egypt.
(2)Allocated to the population and labor power in ARE. the results of this chapter resulted in a decrease in,
Summary
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contribution from 61.9% to 56.2 during the study period , while the urban area participation was increased from 38.1 % to 43.8 that leaded , spontaneously , to a decrease in the relative. importance of the agricultural labor comparing with total lab our from 37.9% in 1980 to 27.5% in 2005. where as the relative importance of the non- agricultural labor increased from 62.1% in 1980 to 27.5% in 2005.
The sustenance percentage estimated to 59% and 67% in 1980 and 1996 respectively it decreased during 2006 to reach 65% meaning that each production labor capables to support 65 of non production lab ours .
The study indicated to a decrease in the Routine importance of Human force (production group) , from 63.1 % of Total population in 1986 to Reach 60.4 % of total population in 2006 . while the relative importance of population into lab our force ( power ) increased from 28.4% to reach 31.2% of Total population according to statistics of 1986 and 2006 Respectively .
The Relative importance of workers increased from 25.5% to 27.4 of total population in 1986 and 2006 respectively.
(2) including the population and labor force in Kaliobya Governorate . the study indicated that Kalubiya Governorate
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Holds eighth position in Relation to other Governorates concerning population representing 6.1% of to tall population in A.R.E . with Rural population estimated to 40.6 % of total population in the Governorate during 2006 .
-The Relative important of Rurals was more than urbans , that reflects spontaneously the increase of the relative importance of agricultural labor during the study period .
-The relative importance of the Human force ( productive Groups ) in Kaliobya Governorate increased from 79.6% of total population ( according to 1986 census ) to reach 87.3% of total population during 2005 . while the relative importance of population inside labor force decreased from 26.2% to 25.1% of total population in 1986 and 2005 respectively .
-The Relative importance of workers ( employed ) in creased from 23.1% to 23.9% of total population in 1986 and 2005 whereas the workless persons decreased from 3.1% to 1.2%
during the same study period .
-(3) including the status quo of the agricultural labor in the
light of the Economic liberation pedicles during 2 study period — application of the economic liberation policies (1980-1992) and after application of the Economic liberation policies ( 1993-2005) this chapter divided into 2 parts .
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I
Part (1) recognizing the status quo of agrarian lab our in A.R.E in the light of the Economic liberation policies.
-The results indicated that the agrarian lab our increased from 32 thousand during the first period to reach 57 thousand during the second of an annual Rate estimated to 0.73% and 1.5% respectively . on the other Hand , the non- agricultural labor increased from 164 thousand to 396 thousand respectively of an annual rate estimated to 2.07% and 3.4% .
-The average of the agricultural labor, during the first period reached 4.405 million estimated to 35% of National lab our . and 4.942 million estimated to 29% of National labor . while the average of non-agricultural labor reached 7.933 and 11.839 million estimated to 64% and 71% of National labor
for the two periods respectively .
-The study indicated that the rate of change increased from
1.6% to 2.7% of the average of national labor respectively , during the two period of the study in addition to an increase in the annual average of money wage allocated to the agricultural worker estimated to 4.11 pound and 8.5 pound for the two period , of an annual average estimated to 6.31 pound (1980 — 2005) . on the other hand , the annual average of the actual daily wage allocated to the agricultural worker
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estimated to 4.03 pound and 2.21 pound of an annual average Reached 3.12 pound (1980 — 2005) whereas the annual average of money wage allocated to the agricultural Boy increased from 2.16 (first period) to 4.83 pound (second period) of an annual average estimated to 3.49 (1980 — 2005) and the actual daily wage allocated to the agricultural Boy decreased from 2.05 pound (first period) to 1.22 pound (second period) of an annual average estimated to 1.66 pound (1980 — 2005) this Reflects the variance between agricultural wage level and prices in the Egyptian Economy .
The estimation of seasonal Demand in the agricultural labor indicated a decrease in Demand during February, march, July, August, September, November and December of decrease in the seasonal indicator estimated to 5.53% , 25.76%, 20.29%, 28.48%, 27.95%, 29.7% and 25.94 respectively. while the Demand increased to reaches 78.62%, 53.96% and 12.72% during may, June and October on the other hand the labor of agricultural Boys decreased during February, March, April, August, October, November and December to reach 62.11%, 50.98%, 48.27, 46.38%, 11.14%, 39.63% and 74.76% respectively . with an increase in Demand during May , June July and September estimated to 105.89% , 297.93% , 184.31 and 221.1% Respectively .
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-The study indicated to an increase in the unemployment Kate estimated to 8.8% (996) , 9% (2000) and 11.2% (2005) (25.1% female and 7.1% male during the same yare) .
Part (2) allocated to the status quo of the agricultural labor in Kalubiya Governorate in the light in of the Economic liberation.
-The study indicated to on annual increase in the agricultural
labor estimated to 1.30% of Total agricultural labor in Kalubiya Governorate. during the study period .
the annual average of the money wage allocated to the agrarian worker increased from 4.09 pound (the first period) to 8.5 pound after the implementation of the Economic liberation policies with an annual average estimated to 6.3 pound during the study period (980-2005) while the actual wage average decreased from 4.2 pound 2.24 pound with an annual average estimated to 3.2 pound during the study period . on the other hand, the annual average of the Daily money wage allocated to the agricultural agricultural labor Boy increased from 2.3 pound (first period) to 5.9 pound (second period) with an annual average estimated to 3.9 pound during the study period .
-The study indicated that the annual average rate of the actual Daily wage allocated to the agricultural Boy decreased from
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2.17 pound (First period) to 1.54 pound (second period) with an annual average Rate estimated to 3.18 pound during the study period . this
There was a decrease in seasonal demand during February, March, July m August, September, October, November and December estimated to 47.91%, 55.92%, 20.83%, 4.55%, 38.48%, 18.02%, 48.34% and 37.38% Respectively while the Demand on human labors (males) increased during April, May and July estimated to 123.39% , 146.86% and 142.32% Respectively. on The other hand, the Demand on Human labor ( Boys ) decreased during February, March, April, August, November and December estimated to 86.38%, 80.48%, 44.36%, 67.03%, 72.87% and 92.88% Respectively . whereas the Demand on Human labors ( Boys ) according to the seasonal indicator increased during May , June , July , September , October estimated to 134.26% , 299.92% , 180.73% , 297.67% and 131.23% Respectively with an in increase in unemployment Reached 56 thousand workless in 1999 and 63 thousand in 2006 with an annual Rate estimated to 1.97% of the annual average Rate ( 59 thousand during the study period )
Chapter (4) allocated to the Status quo of the unemployment in the Egyptian Agricultural sector in the light of the
Summary
economic liberalization it divided into 2 parts, the first allocated to the unemployment in the agricultural sector.
-The study indicated to an increase in agricultural money
income estimated to 1686 million pound of an annual significant Rate reached 18% of the annual average Rate estimated to 9361 million pound during the period and 3768 pound of an annual significant Rate Reached 28.7% of the annual average Rate estimated to 13145 million pound during the study period.
-The actual agricultural income Rate increased to Reach 88.80
million pound with an annual change estimated to 0.80% of the annual average estimated to 11.19 million pound during the first period . while the second period indicated to actual agricultural income reached 371.2 million with an annual significant increase estimated to 0.73% of the annual average reached 51072.4 million pound during the study period .
-The structure of two labor distribution was almost stable during the two period ( 1980-1992) , ( 1993-2005) and the labor of equilibrium constituted 88% of actual labor .
The study ensured that the disguised unemployment is a permanent phenomenon in the agricultural sector increased sharply , after the implementation of the Economic liberalization policies it increased from 26 thousand worker
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estimated to 12% after the implementation of Economic Reform policies .
Meaning that the disguised unemployment constituted 0.6% of the permanent labour and 2.7% of the seasonal labour volume . these Results Reflect the negative effect of the Economic liberalization policies on the agricultural labor market.
Part (2) allocated to the status quo of the unemployment in Kalubiya Govemorate in the light of the Economic liberalization during the period ( 1998-2005 ) the increase of the agrarian money income reached 62.85 million pound , estimated significantly to 6% of the annual average Rate approximates 1053 million pound during the study period while there was an increase in the actual agricultural income Reached 806 thousand pound estimated to 0.32% of the annual average Rate approximated 251 million pound during the same period .
The study ensured that the agricultural sector in Kalubiya Governorate suffered a disguised unemployment Resulting from the permanent labor, so it constituted 4.3% of the permanent labor during the study period on the other hand, the agricultural section in the Governorate suffered a partial
Summary
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unemployment estimated to 20% . Meaning that the worker works 80% of the actual working hours.
The study indicated that reason for partial and disguised unemployment after implementation of the Economic reform policies was law 96 ( 1992 ) concerning the Relation between landowners and leaseholders .
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Recommendations The study Recommended to :
1-Establishing an information Base depended on healthy scientific Basics and accuracy, using one source of information, so answer the concepts concerning labor estimations in Egypt in addition to Data Regarding Daily and annual agricultural days.
2-minimizing the use of Haman agricultural labor specially who Doesn’t appropriate with the Economic logic , with an playing the surpluses labor in land Reclamation protect to increase the agricultural work agrarian work efficiency and Rise farmer’s standard of living through increasing both of agricultural and national income .
3-Establishing of the projects allocated to village Development and encourage Domestic and Rural industries Resulting in absorbing work surplus during decreasing in the Demand of agricultural workers . The estimation of seasonal Demand in the agricultural labor indicated a decrease in Demand during February, march, July, August, September, November and December of decrease in the seasonal indicator estimated to 5.53% , 25.76%, 20.29%, 28.48%, 27.95%, 29.7% and 25.94 respectively. while the Demand increased to reaches
Summary
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78.62%, 53.96% and 12.72% during may, June and October on the other hand the labor of agricultural Boys decreased during February, March, April, August, October, November and December to reach 62.11%, 50.98%, 48.27, 46.38%, 11.14%, 39.63% and 74.76% respectively . with an increase in Demand during May, June July and September estimated to 105.89%, 297.93% , 184.31 and 221.1% Respectively.
4-Following more of studies to pursue the Development accompanying the Developments of the agricultural sector and making focus in the Human factor efficiency as an important factor of production.
5-Supervising and controlling the seasonal labor during work periods to develop their production and other agricultural processes.
6-Activating and supervising legislations and laws to minimizing the employment of children in Different agricultural work.
7-The destitute seasonal agricultural workers must own a new land especially in the huge projects to ensure the Economic equilibrium inside the agricultural labor market and minimize both of partial and disguised unemployment.