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Abstract SUMMARY The present investigation was carried out to get some information about the behaviour of fodder beet plant as a new introduced crop under Egyptian conditions, with respect to the effect of some macronutrients either soil or foliar application and some specific growth regulators. Thereafter, three field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Kalubia Governorate during the two seasons 1992/1993 and 1993/1994. The first experiment aimed to study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as soil application, each alone or in combination. In the first season, N, P and K were added at: 30, 60 & 90kg N/fed.; 15.50 & 23.25kg Pz 05/fed. and 48, 72 & 96kg KzO/fed., respectively. In addition, a control treatment (no fertilizers) was carried out. In the second season, elements were added at: 0, 60 , 90 & 120kg N/fed. and 0, 96 & 120kg KzO/fed., while P fertilizer was excluded as it was found that P treatments had no effect during the first season. The second experiment aimed to study the influence of nitrogen and potassium as foliar application, each alone or in combination . In the first season, two sources of N were used: ammonium nitrate 33.5%N) and urea ( 46%N ) at three concentrations of each ( 0, 500 and 1000ppm ), while K was sprayed at three concentrations 0, 500 and 1000ppm) in the form of potassium sulphate 52%KzO) . Plants were sprayed three times when aged 60, 75 and 90 days. In the second season, another group of plants were sprayed with the same concentrations used in the first one but sprayed four times when plants reached 60, 75, 90 and 105 days. The third experiment aimed to study the effect of two growth regulators, i.e, GA3 and NAA, each alone or in combination. In the first season, GA3 and NAA were sprayed twice when the plants aged 60 and 81 days at the concentrations of 0, 100, 200ppm and 0, 25, 50ppm, respectively. In the second season, spraying took place at the age of 60, 81 and 102 days with the concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300ppm and 0, 25ppm for GA3 and NAA, respectively. Agricultural practices were completed according to the usual methods being adapted for such crop. The obtained results may be summerized as follows Experiment I: 1. Root length of fodder beet plant was significantly increased as nitrogen and potassium increased, where the treatment of 90kg N/fed. and 96kg K20/fed. gave the highest value of root length. 2. The highest values of root diameter were gained from the treatments of 90kg N + 96kg K20/fed. followed by l20kg N + l20kg K20/fed. at either 15.50 or 23.25kg p20s/fed. without significant differences between them. 3. Most factors under study affected slightly root length / diameter ratio but the treatments of zero or 60kg N + 120kg K20/fed. gave the highest value of such ratio. 204 4. The application of 90kg N/fed. and 96kg KzO/fed. each alone increased significantly number of leaves over the other treatments at most sampling dates except at the last one. 5. Total leaf area/plant was significantly increased under the treatments of 90kg N +96kg KzO/fed. or l20kg N + 120kg KzO/fed. during most growth periods. 6. Increasing rates of N or K stimulated greatly the accumulation of dry matter in roots especially during later periods. The treatments of 90kg N + 96kg KzO/fed. followed by 120kg N + l20kg KzO/fed.··gave significantly the highest vlues of root dry matter. 7. The maximum leaves dry matter was gained under the same treatments observed with root dry matter. 8. Dry matter of whole fodder beet plant showed a similar trend to that observed either in roots or leaves. 9. Leaves dry matter proportion of fodder beet was higher during the earlier periods of growth, then decreased continuously till the harvesting time, while the opposite trend was true with root. The application of macronutrients affected the accumulation of dry matter and its redistribution within plant organs. lO.Root, foliage and total yields (either fresh or dry weight (ton/feddan) were significantly increased with increasing Nand K levels. The maximum yields were produced from the treatments of 90kg N +96kg KzO/fed. followed by 120kg N + l20kg KzO/fed. comparing with any other treatment without significant differences between them. II.Soil application of nitrogen either alone or in combination with potassium increased nitrogen content of root, leaves and whole fodder beet plant. The highest values of nitrogen content of different plant organs as well as whole plant were recorded with the application of 90 or 120kg N/fed. + 120kg K20/fed. 12.Phosphorus content of root, leaves and whole plant was increased by N applied with K, and the highest values were recorded with the addition of 96kg K20/fed. in combination with 90 or 120kg N/fed. 13.Soil application of potassium either alone or in combination with nitrogen caused an increase of potassium content in root, leaves and whole plant. The highest values of K content in different plant organs as well as whole plant were observed under the treatments of I20kg K20/fed. + 90 or 120kg N/fed. 14.Both elements increased the accumulation of sugars in root and leaves as well as whole fodder beet plant. Increasing N levels up to 90kg N/fed. and K levels up to 120kg K20/fed. caused an increase in total sugars content, while a slight decrease occurred with the level of 120kg N/fed. IS.Total carbohydrate content showed a similar trend to that observed with total sugars, where the highest values were recorded with the application of 90kg N + 96 or 120kg K20/fed. 16.Fodder beet root had higher proportion of carbohydrates than the corresponding one during growing seasons except at the first period. Both Nand K affected the distribution of carbohydrates between root and leaves. Experiment II: 1.Spraying fodder beet plants 4 times with Nand K increased significantly root length. The highest values of root length were gained under the treatments of lOOOppm K + lOOOppm N either in the form of ammonium nitrate or urea with spraying 4 times. 2.Root diameter was significantly increased by spraying fodder beet plant with N alone or in combination with K. The highest values of root diameter were recorded when plants were sprayed 4 times with K at lOOOppm + urea-N or ammonium nitrate-N at lOOOppm at most sampling dates. 3.Different sprayed elements each alone affected slightly root length/diameter ratio but the interaction among them revealed a significant effect on such ratio, where the highest values were recorded with the plants which didn’t receive either N or K at most sampling dates. 4.The application of Nand K affected significantly number of leaves/plant. The plants treated 3 or 4 times with any source of N at lOOOppm and K at lOOOppm had the highest number of leaves/plant. 5.Leaves area/plant was significantly affected by t~e application of both Nand K. The most pronounce.) concentrations were lOOOppm N as urea followed by lOOOr~~ N as ammonium nitrate and lOOOppm K, where the highlj significant values of such character were gained undc~ these treatments. 6.Foliar application of N or K stimulated the accumulation of root dry matter especially during later periods. Foliar application of 1000ppm N either in the form of urea or ammonium nitrate + 1000ppm K increased significantly root dry matter content. Moreover, such increase was maximized when fodder beet plants were sprayed 4 times compared to those sprayed 3 times only. 7.The maximum dry matter of plants were sprayed 3 or 4 combination with K at lOOOppm. leaves was g ined when the times with at lOOOppm in B.The trend of whole plant dry matter was as similar as that observed with either root or leaves. 9.Foliar application of N alone or in co ination with K affected significantly forage yield fresh or dry weight. The maximum yield was produced : plants sprayed 4 times with N at 1000ppm either u~ea or ammonium i nitrate + K at 1000pprn. lO.Foliar application of N alone or in co~ination with K increased nitrogen content of root, leaves and whole fodder beet plant. The plants sprayed with N at lOOOppm and K at 500 or 1000ppm had higher val~es of nitrogen content in comparison with that of plants,sprayed with N and K at the other concentrations. ll.Spraying fodder beet plants 3 or 4 timelswith any of N sources at any concentration caused an increase In phosphorus content of root, leaves anp whole plant. Meanwhile, K application at 1000pprnincrdased phosphorus content of different plant organs. 12.Potassium content of root and leaves as well as whole plant was increased by the application of Nand K. The plants sprayed 4 times with K at lOOOppm alone or in combination with urea-N at 500 or 1000ppm or with ammoniwnni trate-N at 1000ppm had higher potassium content of different plant organs. 13.Both Nand K at any concentration enhanced the amount of sugars. The most pronounced concentrations were 500 or lOOOppm N-urea or lOOOppm N-ammonium nitrate and lOOOppm K. 14.Sirnilar trend of poly-saccharides were observed as that found with the effect of Nand K. lS.Total carbohydrate content followed the same trend of total sugars with respect to the effect of Nand K. Experiment III : 1.The application of GA3 at different rates stimulated significantly the elongation of root comparing with the control during the third and fourth periods, while NAA affected such character during the third growth period only. 2.Spraying fodder beet plants with GA3 or NAA gave a significant increase in root diameter over the control at most sampling dates in both seasons. 3. GA3 at 100 slightly the control. or 200ppm and NAA at 25 or SOppm declined root length/diameter ratio compared to the 4.Fodder beet plants sprayed with GA3 at the used levels had higher number of leaves per plant than those didn’t receive s~ch substance during most growth periods. However, NAA affected such trait in the first season only. The stimulative effect of GA3 on leaves production was more pronounced with the concentration of lOOppm. 5.Leaves area/plant was gradually increased by time up to 151 days after sowing, then decreased. Both GA3 and NAA at any adopted concentration stimulated such character in the second season. The most pronounced concentrations were found to be 100ppm GA3 and 25ppm NAA. 6.Dry matter of root, leaves and whole fodder beet plant was enhanced by the application of GA3 and NAA at any concentration. The most effective concentrations were found to be 100ppm GA3 and 25ppm NAA. 7.Leaves comprised the main dry matter content at earlier stage of growth, then gradually decreased till the end of the season. The reverse trend could be concluded for root. Fodder beet plant sprayed with GA3 and NAA had slightly the higher proportion of root dry matter content than that didn’t receive such substances. 8.Fodder beet yield as fresh or dry weight was increased by the application of GA3 and NAA at the adopted concentrations. The most pronounced concentrations were 100ppm GA3 and 25ppm”NAA. 9.Fodder beet plants sprayed with GA3 at lOOppm and NAA 3t 25ppm had higher nitrogen content of roots, leaves3r.d whole plant than those sprayed with such substances ~r any other concentration. Both substances accelerated :::.~210 accumulation of nitrogenous compounds in fodder beet plant. lO.GA3 and NAA acceleratedthe absorption of phosphorus by fodder beet plant. The most pronounced concentrations of GA3 and NAA were lOOppm and 25ppm, respectively. 11.Fodder beet content to phosphorus. plants had a that observed similar trend of potassium with either nitrogen or 12.Both substances increased the accumulation of sugars in root and leaves as well as the whole plant. The highest total sugars content was gained from the application of GA3 at lOOppm and NAA at 25ppm. 13.Spraying fodder beet plant with GA3 or NAA stimulated the accumulation of carbohydrates in the various plant parts. The most effective concentrations were lOOppm GA3 and 25ppm NAA. 14.The used substances (GA3 or NAA) affected the distribution of carbohydrates between root and leaves. |