الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Summary
Cotton crop occupies a special status in Egyptian agriculture. Cotton is considered to be a strategic crop. At different levels of the national economy, cotton represents a major importance. At industrial level, cotton is the main commodity, it is the core of spinning and weaving industries. Moreover, cottonseeds are the basis for soap and oil industries. At the balance sheet level, cotton is the main exporting commodity that gives a great boost to the Egyptian balance sheet.
However, cotton crop faces a myriad of problems and obstacles. The plummeting of cotton cultivated area is one the main problems that faces cotton crop. The cultivated area had declined from about 650,000 feddans in 1999, 518,000 feddans in 2000, and 731,000 feddans in 2001. Likewise, the low productivity of cotton crop led to the abstaining of farmers from cultivating the cotton crop at both the national level and at Kalubia governorate level. Despite the relative importance of Egyptian cotton and side products it faces a lot of problems that in turn led to the reluctance of farmers to cultivate cotton and the degeneration of its status in the crop rotation.
The study aims at probing cotton production and marketing economics in the shade of the neo-reform economic reform policies, in addition to measure the different effects of the application of such policies. Furthermore, the analysis of impediments curb increase cotton productivity, the crop competitiveness in the different crop rotations, and t he relative importance oft he c rop a t both the national level in general and at Kalubia governorate level in particular. Moreover, identifying the main factors affecting the crop production. Also, identifying cotton farmers’ opinions and attitudes toward technological packages to different phases the crop goes through such as production and marketing phases to develop cotton crop production. Furthermore, studying the status quo of the crop marketing problems and their reflections on the production and exportation of the crop.
Two kinds of data were used in the study. The first set of data were secondary data with regards to production, area, farm gate price,
and exportation prices. The sources of secondary data included published and unpublished sources. The second set of data is the primary set that were collected through questionnaires used in 9 villages out of three districts at Kalubia governorate. The study relied on random sampling techniques of 213 cotton farmers.
In the analysis of data the study used simple and multiple stepwise regression to test for significance. Two forecasting models were used for the estimation of cultivated area, and the estimation of the impact of technological changes such as the introduction of new varieties on cotton supply function.
The study includes six chapters. The first chapter includes the literature review in the field of cotton production and marketing economics. The literature review revealed that the main factors affecting cotton cultivated area were crop price, returns of other competitive crops, production costs, and the profitability of the crop. It also revealed that the main cost factors that causes increase in cotton production were human labor, machinery, pesticides, and fertilizers. Furthermore, literature review disclosed that the main problems face cotton productions were low prices, high costs, and the plantation of cotton with another crop.
The second chapter deals with cotton production structure in Egypt and in Kalubia governorate. Second chapter includes three sections. First section includes cotton production structure, in Egypt and at Kalubia governorate, with regards to cultivated area. The chapter revealed that cotton cultivated area had an annual declining trend of 1.47% at the national level during the period of 1980-2001. With regards to the impact of the partial liberalization reform policies (1987-1993) on cotton cultivated area, the study unveiled that there were an annual decline in the cultivated of 3.93% at the national level, and about 4.53% at Kalubia governorate level. However, at Kalubia governorate, the decline was about 4.53% during the study period and at sample districts’ level was about 5.7% and 2.4% at Banha and Tukh districts respectively. However, at Kalub district the cultivated area was increasing with an annual rate of about 19% during the complete liberalization period.
The second section includes the total production of cotton at the national 1 evel. The section mentioned that the cotton production had decreased with an annual rate of about 3.19%. Partial liberalization had a negative impact on production at the national level. Moreover, there had been a decrease in cotton area at Kalubia governorate and the sample districts Banha and Tukh, with a rate of 5.43%, 7.03%, and 3.94% respectively. However, there had been an increase in cotton area during the complete liberalization period at Kalub district.
Egypt occupies the sixth rank, worldwide, with regards to cotton productivity with an average of 6.92 kantars as an average for the period of 1980-1986, with a statistically significant declining trend. The average then had declined to about 6.081 kantars as an average for the period of 1994-2001. However, at Kalubia governorate, there had been an increase in productivity by about 1.043 kintars during the period of 1980-1985 and an increase of 0.4 kintars during the study period. The relative importance of the increase was estimated to be about 115%, 103.5%, and 106.2% for the period of 1980-1985, 1987-1993, and 1980-2001 respectively.