الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF PRODUCTION AfID
MARKETING OF APRICOT IN QALUBIA GOvERNORATE
Summary & conclusion
Introduction :~
In Qalubia Governorate, production and marketing of Apricot
faces many problems which related to achieve the economical and
productive efficiency on one side, and the marketing efficiency under
the local as well as universal level on the other side.
There is scarcity in the analytical economic studies that handles
these problems. Moreover, the Apricot crop is one of the rapid
perishable crops that requires much care during handling it in the
different marketing channels. This causes a DROP in Apricot form
prices and the grower ( farmer ) gets a low share of the price paid by
the consumer.
Objectives & Methodf!lQ&Y:
To face the production and marketing problems of Apricot in
Qalubia Governorate this study aims to:
1- Study the rank of Apricot among the main fruit crops.
2- Study the Geographical distribution of the productive areas of
Apricot in Egypt and in Qalubia Governorate.
3- Estimate the production functions in order to determine the
relationship between the value of the various production factors
employed in production processes.
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4- Estimate and analyze costs of production in order to identify items
of costs and their relative importance Moreover, estimate functions
of production costs in order to indenltfy the elasticity of production
costs and to determine the optimum production level which can be
obtained, with the minimum cost for achieving maximum profit. this
enables us to measure the efficiency of using available resources in
producing Apricot, and the economic efficiency of farms of different
SIze.
These relationships, however, provide a lot of facts and data that
enable us to design a production policy that aims at increasing the
production of Apricot and consequently increasing the net revenue
of growers on one hand, and the national income on the other.
5- Study marketing of Apricot in Qalubia Governorate to identify
methods (functions) and services of marketing and to shed lights
on the problems that face farmers or growers of Apricot in
marketing their crop. This enables us to improve the marketing
system and raising the marketing efficiency of Apricot.
The methodology in this Study depends on the using of two
methods. The inductive method that depends on descriptive or
qualitative analysis, and the deductive method that depends on
quantitative analysis of data obtained from time- series concerning
the period 1974-1992, in addition to the cross- sectional data
obtained concerning the agricultural season 1990 11991, from the
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random sample growers of Apricot.
A sample of 219 farmers or growers with total holdings of about
faddans of Apricot have been studied. Value linear and
exponential production functions as well as cost functions have been
estimated for each of the following categories:
form area, farm age, and farm location.
Results:
The research study plane begins with introduction which included
the problem of research its objective,the research method and the
sources of its data.The introduction followed by four main chapters.
The following is a summary and results of these chapters.
Chapter (1);
This chapter studies the production of Apricot in Qalulia
governorate by using data obtained form time - series concerning the
period 1974- 1992.
Results showed that the cultivated area with Apricot trees during
the period 1974-1992. concentrated in the middle Egypt with area
3.047 thousand faddan equal to 66.2% aut of the total cultivated area
with Apricot in Egypt which are about 4.607 thousand faddan. Fayoom
governorate occupies the first position among the other governorate in
Egypt since it cultivated about 3.032 thousand faddan equal to 65.9%
out of the total cultivated area with Apricot in Egypt. Qalubia
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Governorate ranks second in terms of Apricot, area,since it grown
1.503 thousand faddan equal to 32.6% out of the total cultivated area
with Apricot in Egypt during the same period under study. So, Fayoom
and Qalubia Governorate specialized by grown about 98.5 % out of the
total grown area with Apricot in Egypt during the period 1974- 1979.
Among Qalubia counties ,Toukh ranks first in terms of Apricot
area which are bout 2100,2770 faddan represents about 92.9%,
94.5 % at 1986 and 1992 out of the total growing area of Apricot in
Qalubia Governorate, respectively.
Chapter (2);
This chapter IS concerned with studying the production of
Apricot of the research sample in Qalubia governorate. It examines the
area under investigation, the method of sampling, and characteristics
of Apricot farms studied in this sample.
Toukh has been selected as a research area because it occupies
the first position among the counties of Qalubia governorate in terms
of growing area and number of cultivators of Apricot. It is found that
there are five villages from twenty six villages in toukh county named
as Amar El- Kobra, Emyai, Tant EI- gezera, Barshoom EL-Kabra,and
Kafer EL-fokaha, grown about 1.672 thousand faddan by Apricot equal
to 74% from the total garden area of Apricot in Toukh county which
represent 2.255 thousand faddan, and owned by 3.75 thousand
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farmers or growers represent about 71% from the total number of
farmers or growers of Apricot in the same county ,which reached to
5.3 thousand farmers or growers.
Therefore, these five villages were selected to represent the
production Apricot farms as it represent the sample population in
Qalubia Governorate.
The areas cultivated ,at these five villages with Apricot are
divided into three levels the first level includes Apricot -farms whose
area is less than half faddan . The second includes Apricot farms
whose area is half faddan to less than faddan and half. The third
whose area is more than faddan and half.
Also, farms of Apricot in villages of sample classified into five
levels of farm-age
A random sample of cultivators (i.e.farmers producers or
growers) of Apricot formed from 219 cultivators were selected out of
Apricot farmers in the sampling villages. They represent about 5.75%
out of the total number of Apricot cultivators in the sample population
whose number is 3.75 thousand cultivators in the season of
1990/1991.
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By estimating the value production functions for reach of the
following categories : farm area, farm age, and farm location, the
results indicate that the effect of each input on the production of
Apricot differ from one category to the other .
some factors have positive influence on the production value, but the
others have negative influence.
Chapter(3}
This chapter analyses the production costs of Apricot- crop in the
farms of sample research in Qalubia governorate. It is shown that the
mean production costs of Apricot by faddan reached 2550.5 L.E. the
agricultural season at 1990 /1991 ,and distributed half to half between
the fixed costs and the variable costs . the crop harvesting costs
represent nearly half the variable costs of crop.
By estimating and analysis of the total production cost function
for Apricot farms (gardens) in the research sample,it is found that the
majority or even all the Apricot farms (gardens) still produced far away
from the economic stage. In other words, it is found that the
production is still carried out in the non -economic stage.
Chapter (4)
Generally the main purpose of producing Apricot is trading on
economic bases ..Apricot Production in Egypt as well as in Qalubia
governorate suffered from some sort of shortage in the economies of
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marketing Moreover, it faced many marketing problems during the last
years. This satiation leads to the great loses for the producers. Also,
lead to stopping of some farmers to exceed their growing for such
crop or even transfer the cultivated Apricot area to other fruit crops.
Thus, this chapter is concerned with studying local or home
marketing of Apricot in the wholesale market of Road EL- farag in
cairo, as it is regarded as the most important market in Egypt. On
studying the general trend for the prices of Apricot in Road EL-Farag
market in Cairo, as an important local market, the results showed that
it was increasing in the period from 1978 to 1993 with annual rate
amounted to about 12.3 piasters / Kg. in May and 9.8 piasters /Kg. in
June. the statistical analysis found that the amounts of Apricot coming
to Road El-Farag is inversely proportional with Apricot prices in the
market during the same period (1978-1993) and this goes in
accordance with the low of supply and demand.
Then this chapter is concerned also with studying marketing
Apricot of the research sample in Qalubia governorate. It was found
that fresh Apricot passes from the producer to the final consumer
through many different marketing ways and channels.
Surveying marketing problems of the study sample and after
classifying them according to importance, it is found that the problem
of the increasing role of middle men consists the first problem and is
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followed by the problem of rapidly perishable of Apricot.
Recommendations :
Analyzing the opinions and points of views of Apricot growers of
the research sample, makes the researcher arrives to some
recommendations concerning the process of producing and marketing
Apricot. These recommendations aims to acid Apricot growers, i.e
producers and farm managers as a decision-makers to use their
available resources in the maximum ideal use and to improve and rise
both production and marketing efficiency of this crap. These
recommendations are:
A- Recommendations CODcerniOKProducioa Apricot :
To develop production and raise economical and productive
efficiency m Qalubia govern.orate, the most important
recommendations are:
1- Keeping on planting Apricot, increase its production and improve its
gathering and marketing.
2- Deduction new kinds of Apricot with high quality, light diseases and
harmful insects, have a long productive season and form fruits
according to international standards.
Fight diseases and harmful insects, have a long productive season
and form fruits according to international standards.
3- Training the growers by providing the highest degree of training,
and look after practicing Apricot farm labors in using modem
technology to act production process for the crop.
4- The state should provide the necessary fertilize and pesticides for
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this crop at the suitable time and a reasonable pnces, Also, it should
determine fertilizers ratio and the necessary amounts of pesticides
through booklets of instructions that reach cultivators in the village.
S- The state should spray the areas of Apricot cultivations together in
order to reduce spraying costs and ensure the existence of an
efficiency in the process of fighting insecticide and at the proper
times.
6- The state should bear a piece of costs of fighting insects and
diseases.
7- Growers should use plant food paper to cure the trees which suffer
with lessening in some foods elements.
8- Planting Apricot should interested with the rich land with food
elements, and a condition lessening well water than 150 C.m
B- Recommendations related to marlretiDl of Apricot:
To increase or improve the marketing efficiency of Apricot in
Qalubia governorate. The study recommends are:
I.Improve gathering and marketing processes of Apricot to reduce
the ratio of losses or perishing.
2- Setting up marketing centers in producing villages that the crop
from the cultivators to reduce marketing costs.
3- foundation co-operation andl or public societies in the areas of
production to provide the proper packages for packing the crop,
and make some marketing services to the producers of Apricot at
suitable price.
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4- Encourage and motivate the exporter- growers of Apricot by
giving them rewards, aids and incentives for those who achieve
maximum production and high exports of the crop.
5- Supporting studies of international market by providing data,
statistics of the local production and the demands of the
international market. these information should be published and given
to growers.
At last, the results of this study indicate that the future of Apricot
production and its expansion in Qalubia governorate depend on the
possibility of overcoming the different production and marketing
problems mentioned previously.