الفهرس 
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Abstract
There are several ways for increasing wheat production, specially in newly reclaimed land. One of them is appropriate balanced application of fertilizers either organic or inorganic.
Therefore, the objectives of this work were to study the effect of balanced fertilization with using chemical NPK fertilizers, organic manure and micronutrients (soil and foliar application) on growth, nutrient concentration and uptake, nutrients efficiency and soil nutrients availability for wheat plants grown in a sand soil.
Two field experiments were performed in Village No. 1, West of Samallote, Minia Governorate, Egypt during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons to study the effect of four levels of farmyard manure, i.e. 0, 10, 20 and 30 metric ton/fed; NPK fertilization doses, i.e. (0/0/0), (60/15/24) and (120/30/48) kg N, P2O5 and K20/fed. and methods of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu micronutrient applications, namely without micronutrients soil application and foliar spray on growth, nutrients status, nutrients efficiency of wheat plants (Triticum aestivium, cv Sids 1) as well as nutrients availability of the studied sand soil.
Results could be summarized as follows:
1- Plant growth:
-All plant growth, namely dry weight and grain and straw yields, showed a positive response to FYM application, where the highest values of than obtained under 30 t FYM/fed.
- Increasing NPK levels up to the highest level significantly increased all the studied plant growth.
-Application of micronutrients increased grain and straw yields, where foliar spray surpassed soil application in this concern.
2- Nutrients status:
- Concentration of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in shoots at 70 days as well as its uptake by grains and straw significantly increased with increasing rate of the applied FYM, except Fe concentration in the second season.
- Increasing NPK levels had a positive effect on the concentration of N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn and its uptake by grains and straw except Fe, Zn concentration in the first and second season, respectively. Cu concentration not affected by NPK fertilization in both seasons.
- Micronutrients application had a positive effect on the studied nutrients concentration in wheat shoots at 70 days age and its uptake by grains and straw, where foliar spraying surpassed soil application.
3-Nutrients efficiency:
- In general, the use efficiency and apparent recovery percent of N, P and K were decreased with increasing organic manure potentially at the highest FYM rate.
- Increasing NPK level significantly increased N, P and K use efficiency and its apparent recovery percent.
- Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiency and its recovery were affected by micronutrients application, except N and K recovery in the second season. Soil application method exerted the highest values of those parameters.
4-Soil availability:
- Farmyard manure application increased the availability of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Added 30 t FYM/fed. produced the highest values of these available nutrients.
Application of NPK affected only soil available phosphorus, where the highest level of NPK produced the highest values of soil available phosphorus. Meanwhile the other macro and micronutrients not affected by NPK fertilization.
- Micronutrients application did not affect the availability of N, P and K in the soil. On the other hand, added micronutrients as soil application significantly improved the availability of Fe, Mn, Zn
and Cu.