الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work aimed to study the effects of three levels of the NPK fertilizers (50, 100 or 200% of the recommended level) each added as split application (10:50:40 at planting, flowering and pod filling start) combined with or without inoculation of seeds (before sowing) with nodule bacteria (Rhizobium jabonicum) on seed germination, plant growth and yield components of mung beans cvs. Giza-1 and Kawmi-1 grown in pot experiments. The recommended level of N+P+K fertilizers (equivalent to about 73, 100 and 50 kg/feddan of ammonium sulfate (20.6% N), calcium super phosphate (15.5% P) and potassium sulfate 48% K) respectively) the treatment without inoculation was used as control treatment. Seed germination and emergency rate:
Using the 50% NPK alone (without seed inoculation) resulted in the highest significant increase of seed germination in cultivar Giza-1 during the two seasons followed by the 200% NPK level combined with seed inoculation. As for number of days required for complete germination (SER), an opposite trend was noticed. As for cultivar Kawmi-1, all applied treatments (except the 200% NPK level combined with seed inoculation) reduced seed germination and significantly increased the SER compared with control.
Growth characters:
In the mung bean cultivar Giza-1, 200% with seed inoculation produced the highest averages of number of leaves, fresh weight of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of stem, plant height, stem diameter and number of
159 Summary
branches/plant in compared with the control. Whereas, applying 200% without seed inoculation produced the highest averages of stem dry weight, root length and root volume compared with control. Regarding the mung bean cultivar Kawmi-1, the 200% with seed inoculation gave the highest averages of all vegetative characters that were estimated followed by the 200% alone and 100% with seed inoculation, respectively. On contrary, 50% with or without Rhizobium inoculation decreased averages of most estimated vegetative characters in both mung bean cultivars Giza-1 and Kawmi-1. These results indicated that the observed improvement in the estimated growth characters was correlated positively not only with elevating the NPK level but also with inoculating seeds with Rhizobium before sowing.
Yield characters:
In cultivar Giza-1, the 200% NPK level with seed inoculation produced the highest significant increases in the fruit diameter, number of fruits, fruit weight and weight of seeds/plant during both 2001 & 2002 seasons in comparison with the control. Whereas, the 200% NPK level without seed inoculation produced the highest increases in fruit length and number of seeds/plant compared with control. The lowest values for most these characters were induced by using the 50% of the recommended NPK level without or with seed inoculation, respectively. It is of interest to state that the 100% NPK level with seed inoculation significantly increased number of fruits and seeds and weight of seeds/plant in 2001 and weight of fruits/plant in both seasons compared with the control (same level without inoculation). Also, the 50% NPK level with seed inoculation
significantly increased number of fruits/plant in 2001 and weight of fruits/plant in 2002 compared with 50% NPK level without seed inoculation. Similar trend of these results was noticed also in the cultivar Kawmi-1.
Photosynthetic pigments:
1. The 100% NPK level combined with seed inoculation
in 2001 season and the 200% NPK level alone in 2002 caused the highest increase in chlorophyll a, b and a+b in plant leaves of cultivar Giza-1, 30 days after sowing. Whereas, the highest increase in both carotenoids and total pigments in both seasons was induced by the 100% NPK level with seed inoculation. However, 60 days after sowing the 200% or 100% NPK levels each combined with seed inoculation were the best treatments for increasing all estimated leaf pigments in 2001 and carotenoids and total pigments in 2002 compared with the control.
2. In cultivar Kawmi-1, using the 200% NPK level
alone or combined with seed inoculation considerably increased production of the photosynthetic leaf pigments while the 50% NPK level with seed inoculation showed reduction at 30 DAS particularly in the 2001 season. Sixty days after sowing, the highest increase in all determined leaf pigments was induced by using the 100% followed by 50% NPK level (each combined with seed inoculation) compared with the control.
Accumulation of NPK and total protein in the different plant
organs:
1. The highest accumulation of N, P, K and the total crude
protein in whole plant of cultivar Giza-1 and N and total crude protein in cultivar Kawmi-1 at 30 DAS was induced by using the 50% NPK level without seed inoculation compared with control.
The 200% NPK level without inoculation caused the highest accumulation of P and K in Kawmi-1 cultivar. The chemical composition of the different plant parts as affected by the different applied treatments was considerably varied in the two cultivars as :
2.In cultivar Giza-1, the 200% NPK level without inoculation induced higher N and crude protein in leaves and roots of cultivar Giza-1 at 60 DAS than control. Whereas, the 100% NPK level with inoculation induced the highest accumulation of N and crude protein in stem, P and K in roots (60 DAS) and N, P, K and crude protein in all plant parts (90 DAS). On contrary, the lowest accumulation of these constituents in all plant parts particularly at 90 DAS was induced, in general, by using the 50% NPK level without seed inoculation compared with the control.
3.In cultivar Kawmi-1, the 200% NPK level alone caused the highest accumulation of N, P, K and crude protein in leaves (60 DAS) and N and crude protein in leaves (90 DAS) compared with the control. All applied treatments decreased the N and crude protein (60 DAS) and N, P, K and crude protein in roots (90 DAS) compared with the control. Whereas, the 200% NPK level combined with seed inoculation caused the highest N and crude protein contents in plant stem and K content in plant leaves and stem (90 DAS). The P and K contents in the roots (60 DAS) were increased by all applied treatments particularly the 50 and 200% of NPK level each with seed inoculation.
4.All applied treatments decreased the N, P and crude protein whereas the 50 and 200% NPK levels (each with seed inoculation) increased only the K content in fruits of
cultivar Giza-1 compared with the control. The 50% of NPK level alone caused the highest increases in N, P, K, and crude protein in fruits of cultivar Kawmi-1 whereas, the 200% (without inoculation), 50 and 200% NPK level each with seed inoculation decreased the P and K contents in fruits compared with control.