الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
The study was carried out during two successive
seasons (1988-1989 and 1989-1990) at the experimental farm
of the Faculty of Agric. Zagazig Univ. of Moshtohor
Kalubia Governorate.
Three main experiments were conducted i.e
I- Harvesting experiment :
This experiment was conducted to study
1- The effect of harvesting flower heads once a year and
harvesting several times/year from plants which planted
by transplanting method and those planted by broadcasting
one, on the mean yield of dry flower heads oil
content and oil yield produced/unit area.
2- Effect of harvesting flower head through the day hours
i.e. 8 afternoon.
3- Effect of harvesting at different development of stages
of the flower heads.
II- Drying experiment :
In this experiment three methods of drying were
examined i.e:
1- Air drying in shade place.
2- Air drying in direct sun light.
3- Oven drying at 35-40°C.
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111- Storage experiment :
This’experiment concluded two parts.
I-Storage of dried flower heads under different conditions
i.e room temperature and cold condition in different
packages i.e carton, polyethylene and paper bags.
2- Storage of fresh flower heads packed in the
prementioned packages under cold condition (5 + 2°C)
for three months.
The most important results obtained were
I- Harvesting
1- It is possible to chamomile plant as catch crop in crop
rotation and gain economic in combination, instead.of
Berseem (clover) before caton. In this case only
obtained 56% of the normal chamomile yield should be
gained (480 Kgs of dried flower heads) .
2-The transplanting method is superior to the broadcasting
one in cultivation of chamomile plant in regarding the
its yield of dried flower heads, oil content and oil
yield.
3- Several harvests at intervals is better than harvesting
once/year, since it provide more yield of dried flower
head, higher oil content and more yield of oil.
4- When chamomile is cultivated as catch crop,it is better
to cultivate it by transplanting method than broadcasting
cultivation, since it gave more yield of dried
flower heads and, higher yield of both flowers are oil.
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11- Drying :
1- Shade drying for 10 to 15 days resulted in the best
results for both dry weight percent and oil percent as
compared to other methods of drying.
2- Dried flower heads in both shade and sun kept their
natural colour and odor and they were more harden than
those of oven drying.
3- Oil content of sun dried flowers was higher than both
shade dried and oven dried ones. While oil of sun dried
flower heads was of higher chamazulene content.
III- Storage :
(A) Storage of dried flower heads.
1- Normal storage (at 15-28°C) of chamomile flower heads
must not exceed three months since they might be
infected with Steqobiurn paniceum (Drug store beetle)
which deteriorates them and changes the flowers into
dirty dust.
2- Cold storage (at 5 + 2°C) was more’suitables since it
keeps the flower head with its good quality for a longer
period and did not allow the growth of Steqobiurn
paniceum,
3- Increasing the storage period increased the percent of
the broken parts of the flowers in both cold or normal
storage, although it was less in cold storage. Also
using cartone boxes decreased the broken parts than
other packages especially with cold storage.
4- The percentage of brokeri parts was increased in normal
storage than cold ’one with all kinds of packages.
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5- Oil percent of dried flowers increased in the cold
stored flowers than normal stored one after three
months of storage.
6- It could be said that cold storage of dried flowers in
carton boxes for three months is the best method for
storage chamomile flower heads, since it gave the
highest percent of oil and the best quality of the
stored flower heads.
7- It is possible to elongate the storage period of
chamomile flower heads more than three months under,
cold storage only, while it was deteriorated under
normal storage after this period.
(B) Storage of fresh flower heads of chamomile:
1- Chamomile flower heads could be stored fresh in cold
condition (5 ± 2°C) without any deterioration for three
months.
2- Flower heads stored in cold condition kept its natural
characters (colour, odor, shape and hardness) in both
kinds of packages (carton or glass) .
3- Carton boxes packages were superior to those of gldss
in keeping higher, percentage of oil in the flower
hedds. ’It could be said that chamomile flower heads
could be stored fresh under cold condition for three
months before drying. They could be stored for other
three months as dry flowers, for elongation of the
storage period without any deterioration in shape or
oil content.