الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Experiments were designed to find out the appropriate
forage crops and their mixtures for high quality hay production.
Also, accelerating natural field drying of the cut forage
materials as well as monitoring tAe hay-storage loss and quality
were of great concern in these studies.
Research was conducted at El-Serw Research Station,
Damiatta Governoratefor two growing winter seasons (1986/87 - 1987/88).
The grown forage crops and their mixtures were:
1) Meskawi (multicut).
2) Fahl (mono cut) .
3) Ryegrass.
4) Barley.
S) Fahl + Ryegrass.
6) Meskawi + Ryegrass.
7) Fahl + Barley.
8) Meskawi + Barley
9) Fahl + Barley + Ryegrass.
10) Meskawi +”Bar1ey + Ryegrass.
11) Fahl + Meskawi + Barley.
12) Fah1 + Meskawi + Ryegrass.
Mixture experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD) in four replications. The dimentions of
each experimental unit was 21 x 10 m of about 1/20 feddan area
and the replicates were three meters distance apart. This was
done to allow the necessary mechanical operationsfor hay making.
Results could be summarized under the following topics:
I. Studying the behaviour of the grown forage crops and
their mixtures, for hay makin&:
(A) Total fresh yield:
1- The highest total fresh forage yield was obtained for
meskawi (5.55 ton/feddan) then fahl (4.72), followed by
ryegrass (3.25) then barley (0.98) with significant
differences.
2- Total forage yield of meskawi + barley mixture was
slightly and significantly higher than that of meskawi + ryegrass
mixture. Also, either of these mixtures was significantly
higher in total yield than purley grown meskawi.
3_ Pure meskawi yield was higher than that:of fahl.and,’rjegrass
was extremely higher in yield than when mixed with barley.
Also,a mixture of fahl + meskawi + ryegrass generally
produced the highest total forage yield (8.17 ton/f~)
as compared with fahl + meskawi + barley mixture (7.35)
with significant difference. Meanwhile, meskawi +barley
+ ryegrass mixture was higher in the total forage production
(7.74 ton/feddan) than fahl + barley_ +
ryegrass (6.11). Almost a similar trend was noticed for
the two seasons.
(B) Total dry yield:
1- The highest dry yield was obtained for meskawi (56.88
Kg/plot) followed by ryegrass (42.46) then fahl berseem
(24.80) followed by barley (7.58) in the first season.
The corresponding dry yield for the second growing
season was 77.5, 49.24, 24,67, and 7.58 Kg/plot. respectively.
2- Results showed the dry yield superiority of meskawi +
ryegrass mixture in the two seasons compared to the
other mixtures. Such higher yield was followed by the
yield of meskawi + barley, then fahl + ryegrass followed
by fahl + barley mixtures.
3- The highest productivity of the outstanding mixture
(meskawi + ryegrass)was due to the multicut nature of
mixture components.
4- The total dry yield production was higher in the second
season compared to the first one.
5 _ It is generallynoticed that the obtained dry yield was
always higher for the simple two component mixtures than
their relevant monoculture components in the two growing
seasons.
6- The highest dry yield of the mixture in the first season was
obtained for fabl + meskawi + ryegrass in the first
season. However, in the second season, the later mixture
was insignificantly lower in dry yield than
meskawi + barley + ryegrass mixture.
7- The dry yield of the three component mixtures was not
always higher than that of the simple two component
mixtures but always higher than the relevant monocrops.
8- Meskawi dry yield was the best compared with the other
monocrops. Meskawi + ryegrass mixture was also the
highest in dry yield compared to the other proposed two
component mixture.
11- Chemical constituents of the grown forage crops and
their mixtures:
(C) Dry matter content:
1- It could be concluded that dry matter content of the
pur ley grown forage crops was naturally reflected on
the dry matter content of the relevant mixtures. Also,
the dry matter content of cereal fodders was higher
than leguminous forages. Moreover, dry matter content
of the second cut of the first season was relatively
higher than that of the second growing season. This
result may be due to the delay in harvesting or
mowing the second cut of the first season as compared
with the second one.
(D) Crude protein content (CP):
i- The first cut:
1- Meskawi was the highest in crude protein content than
fah1 berseem. followed by ryegrass. then barley. The
respective crude protein content was 22.10. 20·33.14.0
and 11.90% for the first season. being 22.64. 19.30 •
15.82 • and 11.70% in the second season.
2- Regarding simple mixtures of two forages (legumes +
grasses), meskawi + barley forage yield contained the
highest crude protein content of 20.73 and 19.19%in the
first and second season, respectively.
3- Significantly higher crude protein content was obtained
for fah1 + barley + ryegrass and fah1 + meskawi + ryegrass
mixtures in the two growing seasons with significant
difference for the first season. However. the other two
component mixtures contained lower crude protein content.
ii- The second cut:
1- Meskawi was signif;cant1y and much higher in crude protein
content than ryegrass in the two seasons for the second
cut. Crude protein content was 15.65 and 5.44% for meskawi
and ryegreas in the first season. being 17.48 and 9.13%
in the second season.
2- For the simple mixtures, crude protein content was the
highest in meskawi that was mixed with barley followed
by meskawi + ryegrass mixture, then ryegrass that was
mixed with fahl with a significant difference in the
two seasons. The corresponding crude protein contents
were 14.88, 13.55, and 5.32% in the first season,being
17.52, 15.40, and 9.25% in the second season.
3- The three components mixtures, meskawi + ryegrass that
was mixed with barley significantly produced the highest
crude protein content (13.60%) in the first season compared
with the other grown mixtures. While, meskawi +
ryegrass that was mixed with fahl significantly contained
the highest crude protein content (15.87%) compared with
the other grown mixtures in the second season.
(E) Crude fiber content (CF):
i- The first cut:
1- Significantly higher crude fiber content was found in
barley as compared to the other grown forages. Its crude
fiber content was 25.35 and 25.97% in the first and
second growing seasons, respectively. Also, crude fiber
content of barley was significantly higher than that of
ryegrass with a difference of 25% and 28% in the first
and second seasons, respectively.
2- Fahl berseem contained significantly higher crude fiber
content as compared with meskawi. The respective crude
fiber content for fahl and meskawi was 23.35 and 19.92%
in the first season, and 23.87 and 20.26% in the second
season.
3- Fahl + ryegrass mixture was the highest in crude fiber
content than fahl + barley, then meskawi + barley, then
ryegrass + meskawi mixtures. These results were true in
the two growing seasons with different magnitudes.
4- The three components mixtures, fahl + barley + ryegrass
mixture and fahl + meskawi + ryegrass mixture were the
highest in crude fiber contents. However, the differences
in their crude fibe~ contents were not significant in
the two seasons.
(ii) The second cut:
1- Results showed that ryegrass was significantly higher in
crude fiber content than meskawi in their pure stands
for the two seasons.
2- Ryegrass that was mixed with fahl had the highest crude
fiber content. This was followed by meskawi + ryegrass
mixture. The obtained difference in crude fiber was significant
in the first season only.
3- Meskawi that was mixed with barley contained significantly
lower crude fiber content than either meskawi +
ryegrass or ryegrass that was mixed with fah1. These
results were true in the two seasons.
4- For the three component mixtures, meskawi that was mixed
with fah1 + barley had the lowest crude fiber content as
compared with the other mixtures with significant differences.
This result was true in the two seasons.
5- Ryegrass that was mixed with fah1 + barley had the highest
crude fiber content as compared with the other three
component mixtures in the two seasons.
(F) Ash Content:
i- The first cut:
1- Leguminous fodder crops (either fahl or meskawi) was significantly
higher in ash content than the grown cereal
fodder grasses (either barley or ryegrass).
2- Results also showed that fahl contained significantly
higher ash content than meskawi. Meanwhile, ryegrass was
significantly higher in ash content than barley in the
two seasons.
3- The obtained ash content was 15.45, 14.89, 11.71 and
10.02% for fah1, meskawi, ryegrass, and bar1ey,respectively
in the first season, corresponding to 14.69, 14.04, 12.36
and 9.91% in the second growing season. In conclusion
fahl was the highest in ash content. followed by meskawi
then ryegrass followed by barley.
4- Regarding the simple two component forage mixtures, ash
contents was slightly but significantly higher for fahl +
ryegrass and meskawi + ryegrass than for fahl + barley
and meskawi + barley.
5- Ash content of the three grown component mixtures is
fluctuating with no specific trend and no appreciable
differences especially in the second growing season.
11- The second cut~
1- Meskawi was significantly higher in ash content as compared
with ryegrass in their pure stands for the two growing
seasons. Ash contents were 11.66 and 8.67% for meskawi and
ryegrass in the first season corresponding to 12.10 and
10.12% in the second season.
2- The obtained ash content of the monocrops was reflected on
the relevant two or the three component mixtures.
(G) Ether Extract (EE):
1- Results did not show appreciable differences in
etber extract content of the grown mixtures and their
relevant pure crops. These results were true in the
first and second cuts of the two seasons. This is
because of the very low ether extract content of the
grown forage crops and their mixtures compared to
the other components.
(H) Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE)
i. The first cut:
1- Nitrogen free extract (NFE) content is the major constituent
of the obtained forage material. It is obviously
clear that all of the errors for the chemical analysis of
the other components are accumulated in this parameter.
So. the obtained results for the two growing seasons are
not completely similar. Moreover, some of these results
were fluctuating with no specific trend.
2- However, the purely grown fodder crops barley and ryegrass
were significantly higher in their NFE contents as compared
with fahl and meskawi. Cereal grasses were almost
higher than leguminous forages with about 20% of their NFE
content.
3 _ Also, differences in NEE content for the grown two legumes
or the two grasses were almost ignorable. Such results
were true in the two growing seasons.
ii. The second cut:
1- Regarding the purely grown forage crops, ryegrass was
significantly higher in NFE content than meskawi. Such
results were true in the two seasons with a significant
difference of 19.5% and 16.2% in the first and second
seasons, respectively. So, it could be concluded that
cereal fodder grasses were higher in NFE than the leguminous
forage crops.
2- For the two component mixtures, ryegrass that was mixed
with fahl (55.91%) was higher in NFE than meskawi that
was mixed with barley (47.81%), then meskawi + ryegrass
(47.18%) in the first season. The corresponding NFE contents
in the second season were 50.08, 43.96 and 42.99%.
111- Total Di estable Nutrients
Crops and their Mixtures:
First Season:
Total digestable nutrients (TDN) of the grown forage
materials was calculated for better evaluation of the nutritive
value. Results were as follows:
of the Grown Fora e
i. The first cut: - 1- Purely grown leguminous forage crops contained higher
TDN values as compared with the grown fodder grasses.
The highest TDN content was for meskawi (67.63) followed
by fahl (65.50) then ryegrass (63.56) followed by barley
(61.01) with significant differences.
2- Meskawi + ryegrass and meskawi + barley were the highest
in TDN content being 65.53 and 65.60, respectively,Also,
ryegrass + fahl mixture was higher in TDN content (64.30)
as compared with fahl + barley (63.94) which had the
lowest TDN value.
3- Regarding the three component forage mixtures, their TDN
values were much closer but with significant differences.
ii. The second cut:
1- Meskawi was significantly higher in TDN content (61.73)
than ryegrass (54.03).
2- The digestibility of the grown crops for the second cut
was relatively lower than the first cut.
3- Meskawi that was mixed with barley was slightly higher in
TDN (61.55) than meskawi + ryegrass (61.00) which in
turn was higher than ryegrass +fahl (53.97).
3- The three component mixtures meskawi + ryegrass that was
mixed with fahl, meskawi + ryegrass that was mixed with
barley, and meskawi that was mixed with fahl + barley
were almost similar in their TDN contents being 62.04 ,
61.92 and 60.99, respectively.
4- The obtained TDN content of the purely grown fodder crops
and their relevant mixtures decreased slightly in the
second cut as compared with the first one.
iii. The third cut:
1- Meskawi was still significantly higher than ryegrass in
TDN content which was 57.05 and 54.15,respectively.
2- The TDN of the two component mixtures were similar to the
second cut, of the two growing seasons. Also the TDN of
the three component mixtures were fluctuating with no
specific trend.
3- Generally, the obtained TDN of the two or three component
mixtures was the reflection of the TDN for the individual
component of a particular mixture.