الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Grain sorghum, (sorgl1;u;t4bicolo.r (L.) Meonch.)
is one of the most important cereal crops used in
human consumption, livestock and poultry feeding.
Sorghum area reached about 450000 Fadden, most
of this area is grown principally during summer
season in Upper Egypt especially in Assiut and Sohag
Governorates.
Egypt is the first country over all the world
with regard to the average yield per unit area, yet
we can increase the yield per Faddan by improving
oultural treatments and releusing new hi&l yielding ,
varieties.
Three field experiments were conducted at
Shandaweel Research Station, Sohag Governorate,
Egypt during 1977, 1978 and 1979 growth seasons to
study the effect of preceding winter crops and
nitrogen fertilizer rates on the growth and yield of
grain sorghum (Giza 114).
The design of the experiment in the three
seasons was a split plot with six replications.
Five preceding winter crops (wheat, barley, termis,
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field bean and lentil) war-o arra.nged at random in the
main plots (1/100 I’ad , ) ft Pour- 11itrogen fertilizer
rates (0, 20, 4J and 60 Zg.N/Fad.) were arranged at
random within t’.18 sub-plots (1/400 Fad.).
The folloving are the most important results:
I.A. .9heI1!.i~~l.~’:onterrt~,2_D~:E!e~wdiinnt8e.r. crops
1) NitroGen percentage in seeds and straw of
preceding winte-’ crops did not -a.f.fectsignificantly
in 1977 and 1978 seasons, except in seeds in 1978
season. The absolute amount of nitrogen in seeds as
well as straw exceeded significantly in legumes
tissues than the,t in cereals in 1977 and 1978 .•.’)t’:.
seasons, except in seeds in 1977 season.
2) Phosphorus percentage and absolute amount
in seeds and straw of preceding winter crops were
statistically significant in 1977 and 1978 seasons,
except phosphorll3 percentage in straw in 1977 season.
3) Potassium percentage ar..dabsolute amount
in seeds and StY’1.V1 of o.ifferent preceding winter
crops were statL’ltically signi.fic9.nt in 1977 and
1978 seasons.
B. ~:ff.ectof ~receding winj;er cr0.E13on chemica.l
and oio10..Q081 oontents ofjiJle soil:
1) There was no statistical significant
differences in total nitrogen and phosphorus
percentage, pH value and Organic matter content in
soil before see:ding and af”tor harvesting preceding
wi..’1tercrops.
2) Legun18 crops increased the total bacterial,
actinomycetes and fungi count in the soil as compared
with cereal crops.
c. !tfect of .p”recedJ:.!!.gw,j..21teqr,ro~ on growth
~d y1;.e_l4, 2.f...~orshum .E:l;,ants:
1) There was no significant differences on
time of flowering after different preceding winter
crops in the t~ee seasons.
2) Preceding winter crops showed signifioant
effect on plant height and stem diameter of’ sorghum
in 1977 and 1978 seaSOnB.
3) Preceding wL~ter crops affected significantly
number of active leaves per plant in 1977
season, whereas the differences were not great
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enough to reach the 5% level of significance in 1978
and 1979 seasons.
4) There was significant effect on the area
of the 6!h leaf in 1977 and 1978 seasons.
5) Preceding winter crops did not affect
signifioantly the lodging percentage of sorghum
plants in the three seasons.
6) Preceding winter crops showed significant
effect on stem dry weight in 1978 season.
7) There was no significant effect on head
dry weight in the three seasons.
8) There was significant differences in stem
and head dry weight after different preoeding winter
crops in 1978 season only.
9) Preceding winter crops did not affeot
significantly head length and width of sorghum plant
in the three seasons.
10) There was no signiIicant effect on number
and weight of grains per head of sorghum plant after
different preoeding winter crops in the three seasons.
11) Preceding winter crops did not affect
significantly seed index (1000 gralllsweight) L~ the
three seasons.
12) The grain yield of sorghum crop after
lentil out yielded that after field bean, termis,
wheat and barley by 4.9, 12.7, 18.5 and 22.7 %
respectively.
]~) Preceding winter crops showed significant
effect on the at raw yield of sorghum crop in 1977
and 1978 seasons.
*’ Legume crops in general and lentil in
particular had better effect on most char~cteres
stUdied than cereal crops.
D. Effect, ot:.E.recedingwinter C1:0PS ~chemica.l.
co~tEtnts of Erain ”sorghum.:
1) The nitrogen percentage in grains end
straw tissues of sorghumJplant did not affect after
different preceding winter crops in 1977 and 1978
seasons, except nitrogen percentage L~ straw tissues
in 1977 season. Tho absolute amount of nitrogen
absorbed by grains and straw was differed significantly
according to the different preceding wllLter
crops, except in grains in 1977 season.
~~~----------
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2) Ef’fect of preCeding winter crops showed no
significant effect on phosphorus concentration and
absolute amount; i.11. grains and straw tissues of
sorghum plants in 1971 and 1978 seasons~
3) Precoding winter crops did not affect
significantly the concentration and absolute amount
of potassium in the tissues of grains and straw of
sorghum plants in the two seasons, except potassum
absolute amount in grains in 1978 season.
II.A. MJ.’_~t of nitrogen f£..tilizer on growth 8Jl?
z.ie~d of s_orEhum Rlant~
1) Nitrogen fortilizer rates affected signifioantly
the time of flowering in the three seasons.
Number of days from sm~ing to 50% flowering deoreased
as the rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased.
2) Increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 60
Kg.N/Fad. caused a significant increase in plant
height, stem diameter, number of active leaves and
dry weight ~f stem, head as well as both of them
in the three seasons.
3) Nitrogen rates showed significant e~fect
on the area o~ the 6th lea~ and lodging percentage
--- >---_ ._. _.._.~------~--_.~...~-_--.-~----~----------
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of sorghum plants in 1978 and 1979 seasons.
4) Adding nitrogen fertilizer up to 60 Kg.N/Fad.
caused an increase in head leng1;h in the three SeaBana.....
whereas in head width in 1977 and 1978 seasons only.
5) There was an increa.se in number and weight
of grains per head in both 1977 and 1978 seaao~ by
increasing nitrogen fertilizer from zero t~ 60
Kg•.l’f/Fad.
6) Nitrogen re.tas 1noreased aign:i.fiOWltlJ” ,a.e.a4
index up to 60 Kg.N/Fad. in 1978 and 1979 aeaooDS
only.
7) Inoreasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 60
Kg.N/Fad. oaused an inorease in grain yield of
sorghum plants in the three seasons.
8) Applying nitrogen fertilizer up to 60
Kg.N/Fad. showed signifioant effect on straw yield
~f sorghum plants in the three seasons.
B. The effeot of niJl~ogen fertilizer on chemical
content. of grain sorghum
1) Nitrogen fertilizers did not affect
significantly nitrogen concentration in the tissues
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of grains and s’rav! of sorghum plants in 1977 and
1978 seasons; except in the tissues of st:ra.win 1977
season. The absolute amount of nitrogen in grains
and straw of sorghum plants increased significantly
as the nitrogen rate increased in the two seasons.
2) There was no statistical significant
differences in ooncentration of phosphorus in the
tissues of gz-aLr, 3 and straw of sorghum plants in
1977 and 1978 seasons, except in the tissues of
straw in 1977 se~son. Nitrogen fertilizer rates
affected signifiGantly the absolute amotUlt of
phosphorus in grains and straw tissues of sorghum
plants in the ty/C)seasons, ex.cept in tissues of
straw in 1977 soason.
3) Adding nitrogen fertilizer had no statistica.
l significan~; effect on potassium concentration
in the tissuen of grains and straw of sorghum plants
in 1977 and 1978 seasons, whereas it affected
significantly thr absolute amount of potassium in
the tissues of g~~ains and straw in the two seasons,
except in the ticsues of straw in 1917 season.
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III. Effect of the interaction between precedtng
~~ter cro£s and nitrogen fertilizer on
1) Growt~ of gr~in sorgh~:
The effect of preceding winter crops and
nitrogen fertilizer was not significant for all
studied characters except on time of flowering, plant
height, stem di~neter, number of active le~ves per
plant, the area of the 6th leaf, stem dry weight and
head dry weight of sorghum plant.
2) Yield and yielft componentsl
The effect of preceding winter crops and
nitrogen fertilizer was not significant for all
studied eharacters except on seed ~dax. grain y~eld
and straw yield of sargnum p1ant.