الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during 1991, 1992
and 1993 seasons at the Agricultural Research and Experiment
Center of the Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Zagazig
University, Egypt. The aims of this study were to determine the
effect of some irrigation treatments, bacteria inoculation and
nitrogen fertilizer on soybean productivity ”Clark” variety. Clover
was preceding winter crop in the three seasons.
First experiment:
To study the effect of some irrigation treatments and
nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, yield, yield components and
chemical contents of soybean plants. It included 35 treatments
which were the combinations of seven irrigation treatments
(normal irrigation, skipping 3rd+41h or 3rd+51h or 3rd+61h or
4th+51h or 41h+6th or 51h+61h irrigations) and five rates of
nitrogen fertilizer (zero, 15, 30,45 and 60 kg N/feddan) as a urea
fertilizer. The experiment was designed in a split plot design with
four replications. The seven irrigation treatments were arranged at
random in the main plots, whereas the five nitrogen fertilizer rates
were alloted randomly in the sub plots. The sub plots area was
1/400 fed. (10.5 m2 ).
The most important results could be summarized as follows:-
1_Effeet of irrigation treatments.
A- Growth characters
1- Plant height and number of pods per plant decreased
significantly by skipping 3rd+4th or 3r.d+5th or 3r.d+6th
irrigations as compared by normal irrigation.
2- The maximum number of branches of soybean plant was
obtained by skipping 4th+5th irrigation, without any
significant difference with normal irrigation and skipping
4th+6th irrigations.
3- Irrigation treatments did not affect significantly number of
leaves per soybean plant.
4- Leaf area and leaf area index of soybean plant decreased
significantly by skipping 3rd+5th or 3rd+6th irrigations as
compared with the other treatments.
5- Fresh weight of leaves, stems and pods per soybean plant
increased significantly by normal irrigation and skipping
4th+6th or 5th+6th irrigations than the other treatments.
whereas, total fresh weight of soybean plant decreased
significantly by skipping 3r.d+4th or 3r.d+5fu or 3rd+6fu
irrigations than the other treatments.
6- Dry weight of leaves, pods and total dry weight of soybean plant
decreased significantly by skipping 3rd+4th irrigations,
whereas dry weight of stems per plant decreased significantly
by skipping 3rd+5th irrigations.
B- Yield and yield components:
1- The number and weight of pods per soybean plant increased
significantly by normal irrigation and skipping 51h+6th
irrigations than the other treatments.
2- Irrigation treatments did not affect significantly number of
seeds per pod.
3- Weight of too-seed increased significantly by normal irrigation
and skipping 3rd+6th or 4th+6th irrigations than the other
treatments.
4- Yield per plant (g) and seed yield (kg/feddan) increased
significantly by normal irrigation and skipping 51h+61h
Irngations. whereas biological. yield (kg/feddan) increased
significantly by normal irrigation than the other treatments.
C-Chemical contents:
1- Chlorophyll ”a”, ”b’’ and total chlorophyll ”a+b” in soybean
leaves decreased significantly by skipping 3rd+41h or 3rd+51h
irrigations as compared with other treatments. whereas
carotenoides in soybean leaves increased significantly by
skipping 5th+6th irrigations, but without any significant ~
difference between normal irrigation and skipping 3rd+61h or
4th+6th irrigations.
2- Irrigation treatments did not affect significantly oil, protein,
carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages.
3- Oil yield (kg/feddan) decreased significantly by skipping
3rd+5th irrigations treatment than the other treatments.
4- Protein yield (kg/feddan) decreased significantly by skipping
3rd+4th or 3rd+5th irrigations as compared with normal
irrigation and skipping 5th+6th irrigations.
11_Effect of nitrogen fertilizer:
A- Growth characters:
1- Plant height and number of branches per soybean plant were not
affected significantly by nitrogen fertilizer rates as compared
with control (without fertilizer).
2- Number of leaves and pods as well as leaf area and leaf area
index of soybean plant increased significantly by increasing
nitrogen fertilizer rates up to 15 kg N/feddan. Further increase
in nitrogen rates up to 60 kg N/feddan decreased these
characters.
3- Fresh weight of leaves, stems and pods per soybean plant
increased significantly by adding nitrogen fertilizer up to 15 kg
N/feddan. Further increase in nitrogen rates did not affect
these characters, whereas total fresh weight per plant increased
significantly by appling nitrogen lip to 30 kg N/feddan.
4- Leaves and stems dry weight increased significantly by
increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 15 kg N/feddan,
whereas dry weight of pods and total dry weight per soybean
plant increased up to 30 kg N/feddan.
B- Yield and yield components:
1- Number and weight of pods per soybean plant increased
significantly by applying nitrogen fertilizer up to 30 and 15 kg
N/feddan, respectively.
166
2- Nitrogen fertilizer rates did not affect significantly number of
seeds per pod and weight of 100-seed.
3- Yield of plant (g) and biological yield (kg/feddan) increased
significantly by adding nitrogen fertilizer up to 15 kg N/feddan,
wheras seed yield (kg/feddan) increased significantly by
increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 45 kg N/feddan.
C- Chemical contents:
1- Chlorophyll ”a”, ”b’’, total chlorophyll ”a+b” and carotenoides
increased significantly as nitrogen rates increased up to 15 kg
N/feddan.
2- Nitrogen fertilizer rates did not affect significantly oil,
carbohydrate, phosphorus and potasium percentages.
3- Protein and nitrogen percentages increased significantly by
increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 15 kg N/feddan. Further
increase in nitrogen fertilizer rates up to 45 kg N/feddan did
not affect protein and nitrogen percentages.
4- Oil yield and protein yield (kg/feddan) increased significantly
by nitrogen fertilizer rates up to 15 and 30 kg N/feddan,
respectively.
111- Effect of the interaction between irrigation treatments and
nitrogen fertilizer rates:
A- Growth characters of soybean plants:
All growth characters were not significantly affected by the
interaction, except, plant height, fresh and dry weight of pods per
plant.
B- Yield and yield components:
The effect of interaction on weight of pods, number of seeds
per pod, weight of 100-seed and biological yield (kg/fed dan) were
not statistically significant. On the other hand, the effect of
interaction on number of pods per plant, yield of plant and seed
yield (kg/feddan) were significant.
C- Chemical contents:
Chemical contents of soybean plant were not significantly
affected by the interaction, except, oil yield (kg/feddan) was
significantly affected.
Second experiment:
To study the effect of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen
fertilizer rates on growth, yield, yield components and chemical
contents of soybean plants. It included 10 treatments which were
the combinations of two bacterial inoculation (uninoculation and
inoculation) and five rates of nitrogen fertilizer (zero, 15,30,45
and 60 kg N/feddan) as a urea fertilizer. The experiment was
designed in a split plot design with four replications. The two
bacterial inoculation were arranged at random in the main plots,
whereas the five nitrogen fertilizer rates were alloted randomly in
the sub plots. The sub plot area was 1/400 feddan (10.5 m
2
).
The most important results could be summarized as follows:-
1_Effect of bacterial inoculation:
A- Growth characters:
1- There was significant decrease in plant height, number of
active, unactive and total number of nodules per soybean plant
by uninoculation treatment as compared with inoculation one.
2- There were no significant differences in number of branches,
number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, fresh and dry
weight of leaves, stemes, roots and total fresh and dry weight
of soybean plant as a result of bacterial inoculation.
B- Yield and yield components.
1- Number and weight of pods per plant, yield of plant, seed yield
(kglfeddan) and biological yield (kglfeddan) increased
significantly by inoculation treatment than that of
uninoculation one.
2- There were no significant differences in number of seeds per
pod and weight of IOO-seed as a result of bacterial inoculation.
C- Chemical contents:
1- There was a significant decrease in chlorophyll ”b’’ and total
chlorophyll ”a+b” in soybean leaves in uninoculation treatment
as compared with inoculation one. whereas there was no
significant difference in chlorophyll ”a” and carotenoides in
soybean leaves as a result of bacterial inoculation.
2- There were no significant differences in oil, protein,
carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages
in soybean seeds as a result of bacterial inoculation. whereas
there was a significant increase in oil yield and protein yield
(kg/feddan) by inoculation treatment as compared with
unioculation one.
11_Effect of nitrogen fertilizer:
A-Growth characters:
1- There were no significant differenc;es in plant height, number of
branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area and
leaf area index of soybean plant as a result of nitrogen fertilizer
rates.
2- Nitrogen fertilizer rates did not affect significantly difference
active and total number of nodules per soybean plant, whereas
there was a significant decrease in number of unactive nodules
per plant by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate up to 45 kg
N/feddan.
3- Nitrogen fertilizer rates had no significant effect on fresh and
dry weight of leaves, stems, total fresh and dry weight of
soybean plant. whereas there were significant differences in
fresh and dry weight of roots per soybean plant among
nitrogen fertilizer rates.
B- Yield and yield components:
1- Number and weight of pods per soybean plant increased
significantly by increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 45 and 15
kg N/feddan, respectively.
2- There were no significant differences in number of seeds per
pod and weight of 100-seed as a result of nitrogen fertilizer
rates.
3- Yield of soybean plant increased signifIcantly by increasing
nitrogen fertilizer rate up to 15 kg N/feddan, whereas seed
yield and biological yield (kg/feddan) increased by increasing
nitrogen fertilizer up to 30 kg N/feddan Further increase in
nitrogen fertilizer up to 60 kg N/feddan decreased yield of
plant, seed yield and biological yield.
C- Chemical contents:
1- Chlorophyll ”a”, ”b”, total chlorophyll ”a+b” and carotenoides in
soybean leaves increased significantly by nitrogen fertilizer
rates up to 30 kg N/feddan. Further increase in nitrogen rates
up to 60 kg N/feddan decreased these characters.
2- There were no significant differences in oil, protein,
carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages
in soybean seeds as a result of nitrogen fertilizer rates.
3- Oil yield and protein yield (kg/feddan) increased significantly
by increasing nitrogen rates up to 45 and 30 kg N/feddan,
respectively.
Effect of interaction between bacterial inoculation and
nitrogen fertilizer rates:
A- Growth characters of soybean plant:
All growth characters were not significantly affected by the
interaction.
B- Yield and yield components:
The effect of interaction on weight of pods per soybean
plant, number of seeds per pod and biological yield (kg/feddan)
was not significant. On the other hand, the effect of interaction on
number of pods per plant, weight of IOO-seed, yield of plant (g)
and seed yield (kg/feddan) of soybean were significant.
C- Chemical contents:
The effect of interaction on carotenoides in soybean leaves,
oil, protein, carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
percentages in soybean seeds was not significant. On the other
hand, chlorophyll ”a”, ”b” in soybean leaves, oil yield and protein
yield (kg/feddan) were affected significantly by the interaction.