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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of visual loss among working age population in developed countries, thus analyzing and focusing on the mechanisms evoked in such a worldwide spread disease is of great importance.
Some metabolic abnormalities are considered traditional risk factors
for the development and progression of DR. Among them are; hyperglycemia, poor glycemic control, and impaired lipids profile, but they are insufficient by themselves to account for the high prevalence of retinopathy in diabetic patients. Thus, other non-conventional risk factors are probably the major contributors to DR development.
In the present study, several parameters have been chosen to evaluate
the disturbances evolved by this disease. These include four lanes; oxidative stress and depleted antioxidants levels, neovascularization mediated by growth factors release, endothelial dysfunction via adhesion molecules stimulation, and other accompanied metabolic abnormalities.
Concerning oxidative stress; the enzymatic antioxidant, SOD erythrocytic activity was assessed. Neovascularization, one of the main
characters of PDR, is thought to be mediated by the angiogenic VEGF, thus
serum and vitreous levels of this biomarker were measured. Evaluation of
inflammatory mediator such as adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1) was important being an endothelial dysfunction marker, thus serum and vitreoussVCAM-1 were also measured to assess their significant roles in pathogenesis of DR.