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Abstract
During the period from April 2008 to July 2009 the present study was conducted on 150 cattle and 35 buffalo in addition to 35 clinically infected cattle were subjected for the clinical therapeutic trail. The age of these animals ranged from one day to above five years old. The animals belonged to farms and villages of EL-wady EL-geded, Assiut, EL-fayoum, EL- minia and Sohage Governorates.
The clinical examination of the animals during this study concluded that there were different degrees of tick infestation and some common clinical signs recorded on the infected animals from both species, such as enlargement of the superficial lymph nodes, fever, various degrees of respiratory affection and ocular lesions as lacrimation or corneal opacity. In addition to other clinical signs which were less common like nervous manifestations, hemoglobin urea in some cases and bloody to tarry like diarrhea.
The results of the current study concluded that the conventional method of diagnosis such as (blood films and lymph smears) were still recommended for day to day examination in clinically infected cases, specially in acute stage. It gave 25.3% and 8.6% in blood films of cattle and buffaloes respectively if compared to lymph smear which record 55.8% and 15.4% in cattle and buffaloes respectively, so the using of lymph smears is more useful than using blood films.
The infection rate among clinically examined cases were higher in EL-Wady EL-Geded governorate (13%). followed by Assiut governorate (12.7%), EL-fayoum governorate (8.6%), EL- Minia governorate (3.8%) and finally, Sohage governorate (2.7%).
Cattle were more susceptible than buffaloes which usually act as carriers of the infection. Within cattle breeds, Frisian were more sensitive and susceptible than native breed, they gave infection rates 47.9%, 44.6% respectively in cattle and 14.3% in buffaloes.
The animals below one year old were more susceptible to infection in both species, if compared with the older animals. The infection rates 24% in cattle and 8.56% in buffaloes. The male animals in both species were more susceptible to the disease than female animals {male cattle (26.67%), male buffaloes (11.42%), female cattle (20%) and female buffaloes (2.86%)}.
The infection rate with tropical theileriosis is more common during spring months in both cattle and buffaloes with infection rates 21.3% and 8.6% respectively, while the lowest infection rates were recorded during autumn months when cattle showed 4.7%while buffaloes give 0%.
The (TaSP) ELISA test were sensitive and specific for detection of T. annulata infection in both cattle and buffaloes through detection of its specific antibodies the infection rate in clinically suspected cattle was 64.7% while in clinically suspected buffaloes was 74.3%. So, it will be recommend for using it during the epidemiological survey to evaluate the incidence of the infection.
The results of the present study cleared that the (Tams-1) target based PCR assay was the most sensitive test in detection of the infection with tropical theileriosis in all cases (acute, chronic and carriers). The infection rates in blood and lymph samples taken from cattle were 65.6% and 45.3%, respectively. On the other hand the infection rates were 16.7% and 25% in blood and lymph samples taken from buffaloes, respectively.
It used as golden standard test to evaluate the conventional and serological tests. Conventional method, the sensitivity of this method was 58.3% and 50% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. While the specificity were 100% in both cattle and buffaloes.
Serological method, (TaSP) ELISA test, the sensitivity of the test was 72.9% and 75% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. While the specificity were 87.5% and 37.5% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively.
In the clinical therapeutically trail we used BUPAQUONE® as a new drug for treatment of tropical theileriosis it gave 91.4 % as an accuracy rate in general but if the diseased animals detected and treated as early as possible the accuracy rate reached 100%, in cases that complicated with respiratory signs the accuracy rate depended on the type of antibiotic that used as a treatment for control of the respiratory affection. Cases that received BUPAQUONE with Oxyteteracycline hydrochlorid as antibiotic therapy for diseased animals the accuracy rate was 81.8% but in cattle that received BUPAQUONE with Marbofloxacine as antibiotic therapy the accuracy rate was 93.3%.
So we can conclude that Marbofloxacine is more preferred as antibiotic treatment in cases of tropical theileriosis that suffered from respiratory signs.