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Abstract
Soil contamination by trace elements is a widespread problem in many parts of
the world. The accumulation of toxic metals in soil is mainly inherited from parent
materials or inputs through human activities. In fact, one of the sources of soil
contaminations is very important resulting from chemical widely used wood
preservative industries in aquatic environments and storing the wood after treatment by
chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Elements such as As, Cu, Cr, and Zn can be found
in excess in contaminated soils at wood treatment facilities, especially when Cu
sulphates and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) were used as a preservative against
insects and fungi, which may result in soil phytotoxicity as well as toxic to plants,
animals and humans. New techniques are being developed to remediate trace elements
in contaminated soils such as phytoremediation and in situ stabilization. In situ
stabilization technique or in situ immobilisation is one of the common practices for
reducing negative effects of metals and metalloids such as As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in
contaminated soils by adding amendments. Alkaline materials are usually added to
acidic soils to improve soil chemical and physical properties and also to reduce the
mobility and bioavailability of contaminant. Slag, which consists of calcium oxide,
phosphorus oxide, silicon oxide, iron oxide, and other metal oxides, is an alkaline byproduct
of metallurgical processes or a residue of incineration processes. Slags have
been successfully used to soil reclamation and soil fertiliser. It has been used as a soil
additive to reduce various metals contaminated soil by precipitation and adsorption on
the surface of metal oxide. The objectives of this Ph.D study were to evaluate the
physical, chemical soil properties and the distribution of trace elements in contaminated
soil. Also to evaluate the characteristics of two different slags samples, a basic slag (BS)
and a basic slag phosphate (BSP) which are alkaline by-products of the French steel
industry and which used as a soil amendments to improve soil properties and for the in
situ immobilisation of copper and metals in chromated copper arsenate (CCA)
contaminated soil.