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Abstract
Twenty four circular conical bottom fiberglass tanks with capacity of about 100 L were used to stock the shrimp larvae. All tanks provided with source of filtered sea water and source of filtered air for each tank larvae of P. japonicus were randomly distributed and stocked into 12th circular-conical bottom fiberglass tanks, each one had a capacity of 100-L. A bacterial mixture was prepared by mixing 10 mg of Bacillus powdered with 990 mg of wheat flour to give approximately 7x107 cells per gram.
Three experiments were conducted as the follow:-
The 1 st experiment:
A combination of Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) and Spices oil extracts as Feed Additives in Microparticulate Diets for Larval Feeding of Penaeus japonicus
A factorial experiment 2x2 was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of spices extracts (garlic and fennel essential oils) and Bacillus subtilis in microparticulate diets for Penaeus japonicus postlarvae. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain garlic or fennel with / without Bacillus subtilus.
Results indicated that no significantly differences (P>0.05) in survival rate 78.3 and 75.9% among shrimp fed fennel and garlic oil extracts respectively. However, addition of Bacillus subtilis to microparticulate diets having tested spices oil extracts resulted in an improvement in survival rate of shrimps. Statistical analysis showed an interaction effect between spices oil extract and Bacillus subtilis. In addition results showed that shrimps fed garlic oil extract were significantly higher (P<0.05) in final weight, gain and growth index than those fed fennel oil extract. Incorporation of bacteria into spices oil extracts (garlic and fennel) led to and increase in final weight, gain and growth index. Results indicated that final weight, gain and growth index of post larvae fed diet containing garlic oil and bacteria were higher in values than other microdiets. Furthermore, post larvae fed microparticulate diets containing fennel with Bacillus gave similar growth performance of that garlic oil extract with Bacillus. Total length, gain in total length, carapace length and gain in carapace length values of shrimp fed garlic extract were not significant differences (P>0.05) than those fed fennel oil extract Shrimp fed diet 2 was highest in total length, gain in length, carapace length, and gain in carapace length. The feed intake was significantly higher (P<0.0001) for shrimps fed garlic oil extract than those fed fennel oil extract. However, there is appositive effect of feed intake in case of presence of Bacillus sp. In shrimp microdiets, incorporation of bacteria with GEB was highest than other tested treatments. There was not interaction among bacteria and spice oil extract. The same trend was found for dry matter intake and energy intake
FCR was affected positively with incorporation of Bacillus sp into microdiets. There was not significantly differences (P>0.05) among shrimp fed diet containing garlic plus Bacillus and those fed diet that having fennel plus Bacillus. Similar trend was observed with feed efficiency. Spices oil extract effect was not significantly different (P>0.05) on protein and energy utilization Differences in protein efficiency ratio for shrimp fed diet (1), diet (3) were not significantly (P>0.05). However, adding bacteria cells in shrimp postlarvae gave positive effect in PER specially those fed diet (4) that containing fennel plus bacteria. Statistical analysis indicated no interaction among spices oil extract and bacteria. Similar trend was found for energy efficiency ratio
The 2 nd experiment:
Use of dietary supplemented levels of Probiotic / Prebiotic in
Microparticulate Diets for Postlarvae of Penaeus japonicus
Five isonitrogenous (49.2 % crude protein) and isocaloric ( 466.7 kcal 100g-1 DE) microparticulated diets at 0.0% 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of Biogen levels respectively.
The highest survival rate (81 %) was achieved with diet containing 0.1% Biogen® level. The highest body weight (997 mg/animal.) was obtained with microdiet had 0.1% Biogen whereas, the lowest body weight (517.3 mg/ani.) was found with the control microdiet. The same trend was observed for the weight gain and for growth index
Postlarvae group fed 0.1 Biogen® was significantly (P<0.05) higher in feed intake than shrimp groups fed other tested Biogen dietary levels.
The average protein intake of PL fed the control microdiet (0% Biogen) during the 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th and 6 th was ranged between 5.51 to 934.07 mg/PL. While the protein intake of PL fed microdiet containing 0.1 % Biogen ranged between 5.51 to 1467.7 mg/PL. The same trend was found for dry matter intake. Results showed that postlarvae fed diets containing Biogen® consumed energy more than those fed the control diet during the second, third, forth, fifth and sixth week of rearing period. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed among shrimp postlarvae fed 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 %Biogen® levels. Feed conversion ratio was lowest for postlarvae group fed 0% Biogen® level (the control diet) than those fed the experimental diets.The average PER of shrimp varied greatly according to age at which the experiment started.
The 3rd experiment:
Use of dietary supplemented levels of Probiotic / Prebiotic in
Microparticulate Diets for Post larvae of Penaeus semisulcatus.
Five isonitrogenous (49.2 % crude protein) and isocaloric ( 466.7 kcal 100g-1 DE) microparticulated diets at 0.0% 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of Biogen levels respectively.
The mean survival rates were generally higher for the P. semiselecatus group that received the supplemented Biogen in microdiets
The progressive increase in final body weight and growth rate of shrimp appeared to be directly related to the levels of the Biogen in the diet up to 0.1% then growth postlarvae declined. The net weight increased at the conclusions of the experiment ranged between 73 to 416.6 mg . The minimum recorded of weight gain of PL shrimp being at 0 % Biogen. Growth index were significant (P<0.05) for all diets containing Biogen supplemented than the control diet over the whole experimental period.
Thesis application importance:
This work is considered applicable, modern and useful in marine larval feeding by using artificial diets with biosecure techniques. It might be use these results contained in this work directly in fish and shrimp hatcheries to have high resistance pathogenic larvae, high survival rate, high growth rate and high feed utilization.