الملخص العربى
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of tables
List of fliIgures
INTRODUCTION
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN ADULTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
RISK STRATIFICATION
Etiology ofseverepneumonia
DIAGNOSIS OF CAP
Reliability and usefulness ofdifferent diagnostic tests
Sputum Gram stain
Legionella urinary antigen
Gram-negative bacilli
PATHOGENESIS OF HAP
RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION OF HAP
Role of gastric pH
DIAGNOSIS OF HAP
Clinical pulmonary infection score
ACUTE EXACERBATION OF COPD (AECOPD)
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AECOPD
RISK FACTORS FOR AECOPD
PATHOGENESIS OF AECOPD
BACTERIAL EXACERBA TIONS OF COPD
COINFECTION IN EXACERBATIONS OF COPD
DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY
CARBAPENEMASES IN ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
Plasmid-Encoded Enzymes: KPC and GES
Overcoming beta-lactamases
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Patients
Materials
Methods
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
الفهرس 
